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In this paper, we study certain fundamental subalgebras called regular subalgebras. These subalgebras are defined as an infinite dimensional analogue of regular semi-simple subalgebras (in the sense of Dynkin) of a finite dimensional complex semi-simple Lie algebra. The latter played an important role in the classification of semi-simple subalgebras.   We now give a constructive definition of regular subalgebras. A subset \\(\\{\\beta_ r\\}^ m_{r=1}\\) of \\(\\Delta\\) is called fundamental if it satisfies the following: (1) \\(\\{\\beta_ r\\}^ m_{r=1}\\subset{\\mathfrak h}^*\\) is linearly independent, (2) \\(\\beta_ s-\\beta_ t \\notin \\Delta\\) \\((s\\neq t)\\), (3) \\(\\beta_ r\\) is a real root, or a positive imaginary root \\((1\\leq r\\leq m)\\). Let \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) be a subalgebra of \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\) generated by root vectors attached to each root \\(\\pm\\beta_ r\\) \\((1\\leq r\\leq m)\\) and a certain vector subspace \\({\\mathfrak h}_ 0\\) of \\({\\mathfrak h}\\). We call this subalgebra \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) a regular subalgebra of \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\).   First, we show that this regular subalgebra is no more isomorphic to a Kac-Moody algebra in general, but is isomorphic to the generalized Kac- Moody algebra \\({\\mathfrak g}(\\hat A)\\) associated to a canonically defined matrix \\(\\hat A\\). Here, generalized Kac-Moody algebras are a class of Lie algebras introduced in [\\textit{R. Borcherds}, J. Algebra 115, No. 2, 501- 512 (1988; Zbl 0644.17010)] as a natural generalization of Kac-Moody algebras. Further, we show that, in the case where a fundamental subset \\(\\{\\beta_ r\\}^ m_{r=1}\\) consists only of real roots, the restriction of a standard invariant form \\((.\\mid.)\\) on \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\) to the regular subalgebra \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\subset{\\mathfrak g}(A)\\) coincides with a standard invariant form on \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) which is identified with \\({\\mathfrak g}(\\hat A)\\). As a result, we see that real (resp. imaginary) roots of \\({\\mathfrak g}(\\hat A)\\cong\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) can be regarded as a subset of real (resp. imaginary) roots of \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\).   Second, we prove that when \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\) is an affine type Kac-Moody algebra, we have either one of the following two cases: (a) \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) is a direct sum of finite type or affine type Kac-Moody algebras. Moreover, the number of affine type direct summands is at most one. (b) \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) is a direct sum of finite type Kac-Moody algebras and one generalized Kac-Moody algebra \\({\\mathfrak g}(O_ 1)\\) associated to the zero matrix \\(O_ 1\\) of degree 1.   We remark that, contrary to this affine case, if \\({\\mathfrak g}(A)\\) is of hyperbolic type, there can be a regular subalgebra \\(\\hat{\\mathfrak g}\\) which is a Kac-Moody algebra, but whose direct summands do not remain inside the category of finite, affine, or hyperbolic types. Finally, we determine all the types of regular subalgebras of non-twisted affine Lie algebras, using the classical results of Dynkin for finite dimensional simple Lie 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