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The author determines the number of summands of the \\(v_1\\)-periodic homotopy group \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(SU(n); p)\\) for all \\(p, k\\) and \\(n\\), where \\(p\\) is an odd prime. In the present case this number coincides with the \\(p\\)-rank of \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(SU(n); p)\\), (abbreviated as \\(\\text{rank}_p(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(SU(n); p))\\)). The result is  \\[ \\text{rank}_p(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(SU(n); p))=c(p, k, n) \\]  where \\(c(p, k, n)=\\lfloor\\log_p(n/(\\bar{k}+1))\\rfloor + \\varepsilon(p, k, n)\\), and \\(\\varepsilon(p, k, n)=0\\) or \\(1\\) according as it holds that \\(\\bar{k}=1\\), \\(p^e+p^{e-1}-1 \\leq n \\leq p^e+1\\) or does not, for some integer \\(e\\geq 2\\) with \\(\\bar{k}\\equiv k \\bmod p-1\\), \\(1 \\leq \\bar{k} \\leq p-1\\). This work is motivated by the result of \\textit{D. M. Davis} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 43, 529--544 (1991; Zbl 0760.55013)] stating that if \\(p\\) is an odd prime, then \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k}( \\text{SU}(n); p)\\) is a cyclic group of order \\(p^{e_p(k, n)}\\) for a certain integer \\(e_p(k, n)\\) (the explicit formula for which is omitted as it is too complicated to be described here), and \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(\\text{SU}(n); p)\\) has the same order as \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k}(\\text{SU}(n); p)\\) but is not necessarily cyclic. From this result one knows that the group structure of \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}( \\text{SU}(n); p)\\) still remains to be determined. The principal tool for the proof of the result is a characterization of \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(X; p)\\) by \\textit{A. K. Bousfield} [Topology 38, 1239--1264 (1999; Zbl 0933.57034)]. By applying this to the case \\(X=\\text{SU}(n)\\) and using another algebraic result due to \\textit{D. M. Davis} [Homology Homotopy Appl. 5, 297--324 (2003; Zbl 1031.55008)] it follows that \\(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(\\text{SU}(n); p)\\) is isomorphic to the group presented by a certain matrix \\(M\\) generated by the Adams operations. Also it can be observed that this fact yields  \\[ \\text{rank}_p(v_1^{-1}\\pi_{2k-1}(\\text{SU}(n); p))=\\text{corank}(M) \\]  where \\(\\text{corank}(M)\\) denotes the number of columns in \\(M\\) minus the rank of \\(M\\). This shows that for the proof of the result it suffices to prove that  \\[ \\text{corank}(M)=c(p, k, n). \\]  Most of the paper is devoted to establishing this equality. 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