{"entities":{"Q818919":{"pageid":820767,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q818919","lastrevid":64572138,"modified":"2026-04-11T20:47:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q818919","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Symmetrization of closure operators and visibility"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5014154"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$83446DFC-44F2-47FD-BF77-E3B782EE609D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7a0e4d5007f449f719ffb289011329fb8b7d6712","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Symmetrization of closure operators and visibility","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$B49EF3DE-63F8-4104-8A28-538CAC271E82","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b2ad6a8981c563e10ddad92c49c96e5caf9ae7ca","datavalue":{"value":"1099.06003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$6A153B1E-2D58-4362-9D5F-92B38487D140","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3fd78faeba5843f7c34ed951c86e2dfaa833a2c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":329396,"id":"Q329396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$98B18D51-A96E-4D0F-8BED-F4B44FF98B14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1b523cb8b84aede3868e3bc0fcaec440f9ae9c52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166946,"id":"Q166946"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$54B6A151-DD5C-4DC9-9014-2002D2B8ABF5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"710cc084d2ed0d09beceb5d2d7c52611268d6193","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":159225,"id":"Q159225"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$C5184E3D-068C-4891-AB5C-9C6EDF14DD13","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9b0fcdb7772aa9430d25813b6d3153f89c3c8a89","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-03-22T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$BD54080E-5F9C-42A0-B617-A65B6E19553E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9c23b66dde96182f9b13ac8a61edaff8956d9cf1","datavalue":{"value":"This paper describes a canonical method of associating with any finitary closure operator \\(\\sigma\\) on a set \\(E\\) a finitary closure operator \\(\\hat\\sigma\\) such that (i) for \\(A \\subseteq E\\), \\(\\hat\\sigma(A) \\supseteq \\sigma(A)\\), and (ii) \\(\\hat\\sigma\\), in the terminology of the paper, is ``symmetric'' (that is, obeys the matroid exchange axiom). This construction is compared to another such canonical method, given in [\\textit{A. W. M. Dress} and \\textit{W.~Wenzel}, ``Matroidizing set systems -- a new approach to matroid theory'', Appl. Math. Lett. 3, 29--32 (1990; Zbl 0701.05013)], which works only for finite \\(E\\).   \\noindent Motivated by examples of closure operators arising in connection with Hadwiger's visibility problem for convex sets in Euclidean spaces, the constuction of \\(\\hat\\sigma\\) is studied particularly with respect to closure operators which satisfy a ``visibility'' condition. (These closure operators can be described as being those which are obtained from a pre-order \\(\\leq\\) on \\(E\\) by letting \\(\\sigma(A) = \\{e \\in E : \\text{\\;there\\;exists\\;} a \\in A \\text{\\;such\\;that\\;} e \\leq a\\}\\).) Additionally, it is proven that when \\(\\sigma\\) is the convex closure operator on a Euclidean space, \\(\\hat\\sigma\\) is the affine closure operator.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$212D9080-DB8A-48D0-BA63-419B63DF755E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c1662b55279c3e33ec66388559459a3433b0a1cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590773,"id":"Q590773"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$7BCB3A7C-538E-4FC8-B225-2270B5DB278E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"798cc93af1af672fcddaa0ab93cef1e0a30d7b36","datavalue":{"value":"06A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$C685AB13-D16B-4F13-9A99-16E4C2004B9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"540a784b2bf2a7375e90e51860a5dfe01224ba6a","datavalue":{"value":"52A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$DA3B6CDE-1A57-4E32-831B-42913B3F35D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a06727f99c93aa58e84e3d476d4f6a1bed523458","datavalue":{"value":"05B35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$E7793CD2-335E-4905-A976-2F0A47B83153","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e037813de56311048f7e0a208650360505bf4d4e","datavalue":{"value":"06A06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$4D36A8CC-4C78-4FBF-8854-800E90ADEBF8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"50b91a7af6999c6c3644711de43b7e668915129e","datavalue":{"value":"5014154","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$3B480726-A7F2-45F9-8126-84A4B266F797","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e380a2a6740bc99767f3f0b2622e9050c075ebb2","datavalue":{"value":"closure operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$4FF3733A-C182-4DA6-9A79-350D5275F75D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e172629663780e971698d7d841046893adba3be5","datavalue":{"value":"matroid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$1EF59AB7-A438-4EFA-BE4C-5ED516437DC8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9f779c4667713040304076db0c72d84472c4c0ab","datavalue":{"value":"visibility problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$2A966880-845E-43BE-AB62-BD420362E99A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5bf2c8a2779a6fd4eed47029490a3d61f5860622","datavalue":{"value":"convex set","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$D1063397-F346-4B3D-BB98-A9A477AF94B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"48e6a50b1f2275ac69a63961ccb747f4490a50ac","datavalue":{"value":"illumination problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$F3C2DD9B-4DB6-4D5B-AF71-2C77437CBFDD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$7A8A3DE4-DE2D-4D99-A063-0A1F6598860B","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"22f0b59f914ba4b60733fccb4401386e7ae7438a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00026-005-0267-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$C6045F9F-6CAD-4F0E-B572-18C4CAE9710A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a118d3df33679a068fa6bb596308ed8b21091c80","datavalue":{"value":"W1965359861","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$5EF6D6AA-1DCC-498E-BEF0-5BF422455A4F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ff797028131633c2e7d2dad14d67986384adf703","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00026-005-0267-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q818919$2DEF69FA-3F4C-4444-B457-44279D4A26BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1f8c3c767b46e60d606cefc00d6ff228afaeef6d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3501135,"id":"Q3501135"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7e820194804766f69d60e6daf23d11afa7a45c0c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6776594","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$B6241299-8C9F-4710-97D0-6F98F18C9656","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15d7c7700ab1bd756ad8891bce8b20520e70e0f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1602560,"id":"Q1602560"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69cbac870f2e4d68a322f02987993f389ea528be","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.661065","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$90992F0B-526E-48E5-98CC-B6B59A4A415A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fd21c4a70f6d14de5d6976a5636acec773a27673","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1577312,"id":"Q1577312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5e9ca779f9cd4433330f4ecbab878c2f3e604bd7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6495699","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$5734CECF-610D-4F62-8D63-BE27A4692D38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff3785924caf230d73a83fd737bb4e0661b00b13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2974303,"id":"Q2974303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69643853971d480b19163d210b79920d5d3f5c5c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6474944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$AFC8643F-2B0B-4CCE-B36C-2333B1B0BEAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"49e874b0d841506146d2e6c9b3d58ac4a58f0d37","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2494394,"id":"Q2494394"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bff3511d09ba93458d3b9861103265949126abc5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6474815","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$D670E155-BB0A-4ED4-A2EF-4F2EA5CD578D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eeccb3361c133eb4851ed40805948ddb0b3c935f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1058534,"id":"Q1058534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cc6014de7146f92d5801851b07fc0dcc754e17b5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.64597523","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$F9CDD107-856C-40D7-9405-B29E31FAD794","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e75052ea8bbe29984641895c82987067ce8369a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1180136,"id":"Q1180136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a3da7892ce0ca015093c831b0ffbdf36205f667c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6433968","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$0F18CB17-D84B-4D4B-B7BA-C24EC43776FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3ab907c8431c05932c5b755f80b69370caafa045","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4696671,"id":"Q4696671"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e5b2f5366d15d50c6c7e860f0a1923145c9d9735","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6410043","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$556508ED-4C87-42AB-B449-4DCDD2284925","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a9ab31f004a14069f3441e93f59be0f8e0b3ac4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3563228,"id":"Q3563228"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8c539f4cb031f6db10d703af7b76224786acbc68","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.640277","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$C64DAAB9-BB2B-4990-9A32-E1971AD0DD25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c095249b0b9c94f08fd3aee10a8088f808d9d70a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4316876,"id":"Q4316876"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28d9c596c1731642481c030c43688931797ad5fd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6389266","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q818919$5B6C24BA-D6FE-420A-8851-491D883A62FC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Symmetrization of closure operators and visibility","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Symmetrization_of_closure_operators_and_visibility"}}}}}