{"entities":{"Q819290":{"pageid":821138,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q819290","lastrevid":64574325,"modified":"2026-04-11T20:48:27Z","type":"item","id":"Q819290","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Notes on coarse grainings and functions of observables"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5015612"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$AFB4340B-CD75-4A53-AA88-395A3893A090","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0eb53596a9420df82c8e1bf508bb50e595d8d57a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Notes on coarse grainings and functions of observables","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$4D52FF60-0226-49E3-AFC5-2C79C34374CB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"68c987e5a8cc12ab4c0972e3295104901caae607","datavalue":{"value":"1095.81005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$A07E0C3A-1000-49D2-90E7-F62DD875DE06","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8e5ad868e98924cd0509abe673a0c681d9f33ffb","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0034-4877(05)80030-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$D6733C3C-C7A9-4425-829E-7338E3AAF4AB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"104135ce6c45b29d57bb9096250b9f2bf3cabdfd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":205881,"id":"Q205881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$B9AB0100-11CF-4FF3-BE1D-1C8D04642BAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"359c0df30f5ebfb148ed65afc8a013219b3ae9dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":191387,"id":"Q191387"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$645A2826-9F22-4B6B-A1C9-59E12EE8E694","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"971101778394370c6ab5ddcc55836e0818a7ac0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1199733,"id":"Q1199733"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$C7E0AC9D-5397-42CC-B6B7-AE02141724CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4ceddabf5cbe6917b18758eed8ccc9cb94b4918a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":190400,"id":"Q190400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$6AC56783-9353-4EE1-AF17-483E6B21A0A6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"190203153d35f7ad36295f9aa4b440a2ddaf122c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":180451,"id":"Q180451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$E237550A-B152-424B-842D-946FD9429BF8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b2561d4efd2c82b33855e170a6eb229ba58358f5","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-03-28T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$D5481BEF-D374-42BD-BCA4-D86853E05080","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b3853ef8a7b58bf8e60c7b134ff036b8ade77547","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0411136","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$0E6A9536-6E49-4011-8CFF-123140327551","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1d2d27084d6217d0024061e1939073cb5b3fe087","datavalue":{"value":"Observables of a system are here defined in terms of semispectral measures over Hilbert Space. A Naimark dilation associates with an observable, a spectral measure over an associated Hilbert Space. Separability of observables is then defined in terms of the range of this spectral measure being a separable Boolean subalgebra in the projection lattice of the Hilbert Space. Such subalgebras are the ranges of real projection measures. Section 2 sets out key known properties of Boolean subalgebras in projection lattices, ``part of the folklore of the subject though hard to find in the literature''. (p.~243) In section 3 these are used to prove new results concerning the conditions required for observables to be separable. Section 4 considers the ranges of observables and in particular the relation of coarse graining, where the range of one observable is contained in the range of another. Although such observables may not be functions of each other, functional relations are established.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$3C1B9756-6326-41EC-A16D-CD8B74C5DCB9","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5ba4f254528f0243a639e5d75d2711104b8610ab","datavalue":{"value":"81P15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$F2B9AF89-028D-44C8-AC17-137BB4492A99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"09f3eb9b2932c3fdc120e877804d57f4cb2d94e9","datavalue":{"value":"06E30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$F4309622-C47F-44E9-B6B1-E344CBBB7082","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d9a3514a89c23e0ac2c3d927db97941ff2631de6","datavalue":{"value":"06E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$E0662768-9E70-466B-8652-7129E11E25D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c3a0b82aae89b786774fb16f78b73165cbd5ce0a","datavalue":{"value":"81Q10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$7E2F41A3-2852-48AD-AFFB-27397A6594B4","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b185626a4367f05d893ccc641f5d892973f5799e","datavalue":{"value":"5015612","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$E5ABE6E4-A595-40A9-A20E-1A7FD05F5B19","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f596325387c48367904da185fa964dc7e9636229","datavalue":{"value":"observable","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$DD88977A-207B-4779-9E4B-ECF5E4D57264","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8476867b4ac340c74b3bc84dce4e4630ea077a65","datavalue":{"value":"separable observable","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$6E566DF7-E527-45EC-92BF-5AFC29F4F574","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"597483c5d47e6149ec0c3f5c5cf485bb3f49b728","datavalue":{"value":"Naimark dilation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$D5408A21-2A4D-4684-87DA-F305B9FF3D8F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"073c460dbf254a691c4771ad05e22269895c549c","datavalue":{"value":"coarse graining","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$04A3F65F-071E-4E6D-8FF2-AADBE3DB7B5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5aff70c4ef8c21178a46d9c3f30939ea30b7347b","datavalue":{"value":"semi-spectral measure","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$0A85F961-2EA4-4672-99AC-475FDE741F9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3839696431a297b233d94cda0fea7b3f01cebefc","datavalue":{"value":"Boolean observable","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$7CCA30E4-C32D-4A01-B09D-A6BC74DF6590","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$7A321CCD-0A93-4260-BB6E-37C7CEC46BD5","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"07a12d4208012fb781aee6b35faa597296f115d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1330119,"id":"Q1330119"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$27143EB6-F51D-4418-B491-A065735B9EFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1d305d87691decfba715f5fe85ae2045fb05242e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4091259,"id":"Q4091259"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$4A8F4587-C89E-444A-8B1F-C520EF8F3A9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8073276a8916b97326b23193e92c52703810ec51","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5726943,"id":"Q5726943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$CDF9C546-2112-4A46-9DD4-B4D195858A12","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"06fbe4d57ee638c21da9a8d8dbb071257ac3948c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5541832,"id":"Q5541832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$FF362907-8E34-4AAE-994D-C8CE28294453","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cf67a22e16d4f19e3dafa203b67d6f44963d518","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4697237,"id":"Q4697237"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$07596FB3-6C1F-441A-895E-6D77BB47D7E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3c39f0fdc63bfa9c27dd14546765e2df2f6904c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5937874,"id":"Q5937874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$B29BCA7F-044B-4B2A-893E-2AE5766D2067","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"619e87a9ffb3d246f46c1f72363541e104ca3f7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4836935,"id":"Q4836935"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$74E293E1-30EC-4B74-A2F9-7592E10F4221","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef815496969e1c06973cb9ecaffc63b42ca00897","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4680242,"id":"Q4680242"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$B14DBF1D-9EFB-46AD-8111-81EABEA212B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04b4189f478c6f4c276bce2599badef07f64771d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1290411,"id":"Q1290411"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$CF33EBE1-D1BE-4F5D-AB2D-0BA450D7E015","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d31bf81f31f9696a2a02a1ebf6ad7e197fa6e6a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4722624,"id":"Q4722624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$EB49C4D5-E0C9-461B-85BF-146D4BC4E865","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"63fce0a3279468eca2f8e4172e1ee216ed091a4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5952643,"id":"Q5952643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$0D82D35B-7E01-4305-919C-D009C0F37106","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"873510eb2eec84bac11c416363e671d95f3af9e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3702812,"id":"Q3702812"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$4276A4F7-E914-476D-A671-7A5030ABCE17","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"aa3ffaceaf439cb3321c3c8194ca7c04c974e9be","datavalue":{"value":"W3106170641","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q819290$99D09D56-2690-4E0C-98FE-4591073274CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f56061dd112864fb0f0a8025e60dbe59f2591bd6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2455763,"id":"Q2455763"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1d84449115c39086b5f4bb5338bf6ec1b44110d3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7741358280181885","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q819290$A235514B-F37C-4974-94DA-F30705214F0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"13b0cfb812a60a2a0ee1d457b02dae0e168dbf16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":703949,"id":"Q703949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9830b8b2242ce73e0b04c9271afdb7c68153380c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7338886857032776","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q819290$B60BCCCA-CA0D-479A-9D09-ADBDABF3CBEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d091d4dd3df423280b0c3c501beace6482261783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5937874,"id":"Q5937874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e744641849b146aff9c578efc52c1e0b971ab6ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7226073741912842","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q819290$DEED8A49-FDC4-4A42-9EF2-09B60D2C5173","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e564a0f88e81f9ecc1c351038ccc7541e4c3894b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":616809,"id":"Q616809"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6626faa0ee76e5f51b16afbce1b1254c846bd7a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.710502564907074","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q819290$94FFAC5D-D7BC-4F30-991F-BEF1B7EE886B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"349195a11039f9811411f519f61d7fd1ed20acc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4701565,"id":"Q4701565"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"951d0c748e1f91c0a52675ac623cbe759928e625","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7048130035400391","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q819290$AB928F25-0859-4B16-A32D-D6CDC729CE6A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Notes on coarse grainings and functions of observables","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Notes_on_coarse_grainings_and_functions_of_observables"}}}}}