{"entities":{"Q827548":{"pageid":829396,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q827548","lastrevid":64676814,"modified":"2026-04-11T21:29:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q827548","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A proof of the Schwarz theorem on mixed partial derivatives via elementary approximation theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7293602"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$7316790F-A4C7-4377-A3FA-AA4836261D08","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ee82898ceea87587915125a39e3868bce85b4db6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A proof of the Schwarz theorem on mixed partial derivatives via elementary approximation theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$FF6637B4-1DAD-4B86-A125-3D06BB2E782E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9ed312b5b173a3d57955f5eb848297412175af30","datavalue":{"value":"1459.26021","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$3E7118C2-9B32-44AA-918D-646F1CF6343E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"467cc2b5db483b204284834eb8d816cda807855e","datavalue":{"value":"10.4171/EM/413","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$12CEAC94-D566-431E-A2C7-D2A13E1F918B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"255223deab9a614645300983eff9e9b445f432d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":207920,"id":"Q207920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$10F4C6BB-4A55-4ABB-B8A7-5EED0FF5B392","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b76f3eb016ad81a43f53bc5d038d09f14c364c10","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$E7693C29-EBAD-409A-A7D9-7F8A30778D85","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b6c8097b2a7750c5b4cf5ef49efe833b2d42e8c5","datavalue":{"value":"The author gives a proof of the following theorem due to Schwarz. Assume that \\(f(x,y)\\) has partial derivatives \\(f_x\\) and \\(f_y\\), and mixed derivatives \\(f_{xy}\\) and \\(f_{yx}\\) in a neighbourhood \\(\\Omega\\) of a point \\((x_0,y_0)\\) and that \\(f_{xy}\\) and \\(f_{yx}\\) are continuous at \\((x_0,y_0)\\). Then \\(f_{xy}(x_0,y_0)=f_{yx}(x_0,y_0)\\).  The author divides the proof into two steps. One step, which is a lemma, assumes that \\(f\\) and \\(g\\) satisfy \\[ \\lim_{(x,y)\\to (x_0,y_0)} \\frac{f(x,y)-g(x,y)}{(x-x_0)(y-y_0)}=0 \\] and have partial derivatives and mixed partial derivatives of second order. The conclusion is then that the Schwarz theorem holds.  The second step shows that the lemma can be applied for appropriate functions. For this second step, the proof cleverly plays with Taylor approximations and the mean value theorem. As inspiration in the background serves the situation when \\[ f(x,y)=\\sum_{i=1}^n u_i(x)v_i(y) \\] for some differentiable functions \\(u_i\\) and \\(v_i\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$5E47C244-ADE8-4CD0-BF0D-4D2E13A8BD0B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"a04164ed6e15b77ef49f9d64e3ddb053bc534b5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":591364,"id":"Q591364"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$7180A440-4B3B-42E4-9BDD-155A06A8E660","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a64afc22d8be5dfafe8e57e385c302503075b4ea","datavalue":{"value":"26B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$385F1E85-7BB6-4E64-9EB2-12287DC76FBF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"87db32d3d01d7af0784788427a9011e3508008cf","datavalue":{"value":"7293602","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$EC771E6E-4B54-42B0-A880-BAF24148876F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1bf6e07e748fe21c6d62d8492733d5b9bddae9aa","datavalue":{"value":"Schwarz theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$A193339A-A3C8-4230-AD70-87BFD4A93E40","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d04f441c56b3cf48b75593a76a075385cb8a8f2f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":258158,"id":"Q258158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$F3DF9818-149B-47CD-9FD1-233EF1C16503","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$4E31A0C9-08AA-4ED8-AD77-8F88408B2911","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f5c8c9812570fe8461ea8d674c0e1db7893e1586","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4067293,"id":"Q4067293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$C1447DEE-5A4F-48A0-932D-53FE2FD52AEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00438b58a824812db0b4689a276ce3750ce06408","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3285799,"id":"Q3285799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$9BEF0FF1-0806-4966-8CF4-8216D60C28B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"09e93eecd5b4f9274a699def0cceb9cf503af3bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5760542,"id":"Q5760542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$5C67C090-DEF4-4146-AD63-49366DE3F416","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f81474199697c450eab3e8b2184917e57a0991ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3459989,"id":"Q3459989"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$0BCA402C-3C26-4235-B357-95A4E2C19342","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"94f47dbfd6eea5d0c32f59b2712109215fe0eeeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1704418,"id":"Q1704418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$419FF01F-17CD-48BF-8AD5-362D6903A1F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2cc1eae19d26dedf39074ff685f832a12a5993ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4115333,"id":"Q4115333"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$ACCAE657-C29C-4BB6-8536-53EBA6D67662","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a26fbac204e642d07bf08e0104728678c77d4b06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3996763,"id":"Q3996763"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q827548$66CFA387-7876-4E50-BC75-16C34B99CEC8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"431b188ed4e15d8df76d4913b2680e70d96f16ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3459989,"id":"Q3459989"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"94e03c13c868efc180df862cffcacfebaf679957","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8409469723701477","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q827548$6739D3B8-06E6-47DB-B067-D3BACBA14970","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8939c33173c3385674e22fba582e26f174331ee5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5359074,"id":"Q5359074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ae261b2c8e52dcaf0f6680519cf59c2a57645c9f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7989741563796997","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q827548$B8EC450D-BF87-4D1C-86F3-E8BFF8EB787A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09b019a35c37a2342b5231db43aaf5844b7eb8b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4222423,"id":"Q4222423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6b354676f3a8d9c06658d0302ddcb7b967828ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7564877271652222","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q827548$031055AF-01ED-4005-918A-0969FE988B06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"98f752f5d1fd39dc33d94e01de370e68b81fa15a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5409843,"id":"Q5409843"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6b354676f3a8d9c06658d0302ddcb7b967828ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7564877271652222","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q827548$75C294FA-89AA-4F96-866D-BA71623804B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33ed567aa64f40fe83ad8b83f36ffa8a17c100c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1704418,"id":"Q1704418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"58cdcd88550991a777272291e941d4c994f72102","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7563380599021912","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q827548$F7684A20-3DBE-48E2-A024-6B1EC2EE4E42","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A proof of the Schwarz theorem on mixed partial derivatives via elementary approximation theory","badges":[]}}}}}