{"entities":{"Q841146":{"pageid":842994,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q841146","lastrevid":57174867,"modified":"2026-03-26T22:01:42Z","type":"item","id":"Q841146","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The second order upper bound for the ground energy of a Bose gas"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5603885"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$03541F8D-9F3F-40C6-BDC4-C81CDFBE9718","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"286aa78890b66223ebfe168450d9d68d76293a7c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The second order upper bound for the ground energy of a Bose gas","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$EC6A0CCC-85E0-47DD-A0CB-97C6FD6CBD2C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"139f34973d936fdecfad306fb1a6327c2dd15b07","datavalue":{"value":"1200.82002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$D45AB49A-449D-4256-BFEB-125538503091","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"bbc460bd91c3141ed4759a8f9ef20c439b7ebd2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":368566,"id":"Q368566"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$305E7F33-1D0E-40AB-9B7B-2E8B99FF4A52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"834d5869602db06ced45bf74f21c67cf08c71342","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":368567,"id":"Q368567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$662E09CA-5F7B-40F1-AD9A-44C6B4B67324","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"bd988655a64cc18194d4bb8e267ebd8eed41b1a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166985,"id":"Q166985"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$6D9C24B5-BB01-4C42-9AEB-0EC5F245CC9B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9da6f74ec6337139bbc2c0c55bd8fb986e578b38","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2009-09-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$6E8FFFBD-F637-491A-A963-D66514677660","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f9ab15e8668e9282a6416e652e8e68d0ea8db3c8","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.5347","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$49995F65-FFB8-48F3-9B3D-E0BC01E9F4BA","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"07344b2d4e20c575f7a3b144a3c61cd105e5e56c","datavalue":{"value":"The ground state energy is a fundamental property of a quantum system. Consider \\(N\\) bosons in a finite box \\(\\Lambda = [0,L]^3\\subset {\\mathbb R}^3\\) with periodic boundary conditions, interacting via a two-body smooth repulsive short range potential. In the low density limit, it is known that the leading term of the ground state energy per particle \\(e_0(\\rho)\\) is identified to be \\(4\\pi a \\rho\\) by \\textit{F. J. Dyson} [Phys. Rev., II. Ser. 106, 20--26 (1957; Zbl 0077.23503)] and\\textit{E. H. Lieb} and \\textit{J. Yngvason} [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2504-2507 (1998), cf. in: Mathematical results in statistical mechanics. Proceedings, Marseille, France, July 27-31, 1998. Singapore: World Scientific. 349--357 (1999; Zbl 1017.82006)], where \\(a\\) is the scattering length of the two-body potential and \\(\\rho\\) is the density. This paper proves the following upper bound on the ground state energy per particle  \\[ \\varlimsup_{\\rho\\to 0}\\; \\varlimsup_{L\\to\\infty,\\, N/L^3\\to \\rho}\\; \\frac{e_0(\\rho)-4\\pi a \\rho}{(4 \\pi a)^{5/2}\\, \\rho^{3/2}}\\leq \\frac{16}{15\\pi^2}. \\]  Previously, the upper bound with an extra constant factor \\(C>1\\) was obtained by \\textit{L. Erd\u00f6s} et al. [Ground-state energy of a low-density Bose gas: a second-order upper bound. Phys. Rev. A 78, 053627 (2008; \\url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.78.053627})]. The result proves the upper bound predicted by \\textit{T. D. Lee} and \\textit{C. N. Yang} [Many body problem in quantum mechanics and quantum statistical mechanics. Phys. Rev. 105(3), 1119--1120 (1957; \\url{doi:10.1103/PhysRev.105.1119})] and \\textit{T. D. Lee} et al. [Phys. Rev., II. Ser. 106, 1135--1145 (1957; Zbl 0077.45003)]. The main tool in the proof is a modified Bogoliubov approximation.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$944CAA1B-817D-484C-A105-5A8B4342A733","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a9f7b93ef2b97ed1472eda4d3840832e80e84441","datavalue":{"value":"82B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$D3BA1688-E54A-49EF-8306-4F05B1F1C2E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"16e34a167906277950c1733fb2af7606ce05fecb","datavalue":{"value":"5603885","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$70C606C4-0A99-4189-93CA-FDFEB3AF8979","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"17fcd4975453c2cb60fdf0993cfb8751965e81db","datavalue":{"value":"Bose gas","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$889EF25F-13BE-4FA7-87C3-D74108BEBDB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"32519eb1d6fa6600edf69ddd57f2a47758724a2f","datavalue":{"value":"Bogoliubov transformation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$6FD72B8F-547A-4A83-93FC-95E3762EB55C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ae54dd87feab9f011590918c4db3f19cd5d7977c","datavalue":{"value":"variational principle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$B49766E0-7D2D-46B2-BAC2-D8ABBFBD3F72","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4ac620cd16114bd6c7e4b4dc8adcf8e967d81b89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587806,"id":"Q587806"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$CA47B892-E2DC-4727-8B41-C73C2B056577","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$993DBDED-93D2-438B-A537-F33FBD6D4E77","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"21788e2d556ad109e00d30ac2e2d478ecc0631ee","datavalue":{"value":"W2107935983","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$02E6A015-BA31-4CE2-9C93-1EC871F042CC","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d9a3be07edffb6e0b2357a0d872b47a70e40a326","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3242086,"id":"Q3242086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$D22E231B-D0F6-4CFA-BBB5-A498B0FD1F1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7846944b46798f1b92073211e2b990af41e81844","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3261353,"id":"Q3261353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$19FC16AE-C8F4-48C8-8D8F-D90067636D7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"60be29f43d860358232436caaf40085e611a1831","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":833362,"id":"Q833362"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$EC5144E0-61D7-4AD6-AF3C-1A82F31CA677","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f94ad25d0816ab65f28abb43de1e16ee2a7da906","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5895642,"id":"Q5895642"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$39230FDE-3B96-44FD-8F87-71E7CE78B745","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"831caa82e4c7199e60e4890fbff1da288c1cd7ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5569399,"id":"Q5569399"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$3BEEBA87-100B-4122-9AD6-8993C114F1CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a5e8607b6d5f54fec6bc8c2fe59daa4b48970978","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3243184,"id":"Q3243184"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$46F4071B-C9B8-4BFA-A058-2DB026CA6059","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99ce6fa2864dba91838a87fed1fdcdb8ecca351c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940468,"id":"Q5940468"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$04D9C126-F7B4-4996-9C9D-81747D22D5DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"337ae3949973066f623f293983ea621a2c82e31a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":850939,"id":"Q850939"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$1465ED39-0584-4A58-85AC-AA8A768D7502","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1dd4ed74816c431b7930ec59bffc5bf474cfe6c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":881640,"id":"Q881640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$90F2BF01-5873-47AF-B7C0-663264DD08A0","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9c39d72fb085711a0725040f04367f9bfed0477a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10955-009-9792-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841146$97C88B0E-9B47-4C5F-A8C9-5018E121E4CA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"877f22f8c38bc22e4588eca1a7ca9eec5d5763e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5249531,"id":"Q5249531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"951b9a07396a8a7d6b880aba68664407e4f89c95","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90733504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$08863F09-93E3-4F56-9008-A1897071DD40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"49783bb6662cd1d9b6b55e8fb1b8adbba925416f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":981701,"id":"Q981701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6b76a89f8168884a143d2ebd5f2c6db80047572b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8346923","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$928B654F-E3CD-453B-974D-1B02EA28C4DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"255b3894b31cf900204deecec55c8f8d689f942f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":783736,"id":"Q783736"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b47e541eb9213df5219a0f1cd9c1109b91db1d44","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82886744","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$E72D8FD0-0A94-4636-80CC-4042ED9A173A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cdcfbc9121d5d0db25ef65f611f0341eca0ae94b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1012697,"id":"Q1012697"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22c77235044d19e5f81b319761b7605fa3829b54","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82231784","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$C19CA64D-BB8C-44B7-AD19-6C7F491FA6C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"afec0d2ff3bc805230c544c73f5491a093638fb7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6038729,"id":"Q6038729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"04a013fe0cdcad239209b946b5e792f8abc4c76f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8189942","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$E67A9759-7882-4B56-8B5A-C6D5876AE086","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d0b3a13f07345040a3ab12af813d13dadef6486","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4545060,"id":"Q4545060"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"236c9950a37583cc062904417b211d05950d3f1c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8099498","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$15DCDB2C-EEF6-4BD9-99C8-77CC03265218","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"877913b7f8fecca2dea6939970b51433050f43f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2181982,"id":"Q2181982"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5a383d0437bff4da42a6539f11353c7cba17c889","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8045305","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$C819F251-996B-448E-8568-90710ADFF2F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e6f7b6f0483686f0ce353feff2a2bab542ecbf2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2003630,"id":"Q2003630"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76893689c924da466b5f78fd1438beace44a9d5e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7915313","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$CD3756A9-B17B-4FA2-809B-C64F1C7AD711","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5c936f482aa32f4f47b3b8e64e19ea6f58a3ae8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5018884,"id":"Q5018884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"74a0cb6da42fe028226a537f9f38a4ede49806ea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79120296","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$D47DEF64-9D0E-47B8-8D98-311521256522","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"250e007dc66c227dc11201d1356daa0ad10df592","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5942303,"id":"Q5942303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc802acdaf012d09da7283b6db7b20d121d8de0d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7896666","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841146$4C98D130-A23C-4B0F-9417-21CAC7128885","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:841146","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:841146"}}}}}