{"entities":{"Q841436":{"pageid":843284,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q841436","lastrevid":64741881,"modified":"2026-04-11T21:55:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q841436","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Denjoy systems and substitutions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5604234"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$E5250135-D3EB-410B-95E9-CF257889B944","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"11e0e2a41ee70c1380590aa4e252c470c95e0749","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Denjoy systems and substitutions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$5685A036-465A-4776-A671-B9B4C3878C97","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a7e44c1252f0020f91c5232a9edc4f92e1c3d906","datavalue":{"value":"1247.37013","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$F2CABB0E-2110-462D-A83C-AE05EC361AED","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"aeb7c60f579a6cf0bdef7dda5a8001c79992a87e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":841435,"id":"Q841435"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$29B779F0-B085-404E-BD91-DE5A10B8648C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e81735ffae0dc240f9c7908f9071cba228792fc1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172432,"id":"Q172432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$50202DBB-D452-4EF8-95DA-0D7D764B75D4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2f9b08106b643663817ed55317721e6f770024d7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2009-09-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$6E50D209-C897-46B1-98A0-186106538E17","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4b8926b393250ef4725e8176f53280946f58ce15","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\mathcal{A}=\\{0,\\dots,d\\}\\) be an alphabet and \\(\\mathcal{A}^\\star\\) the free monoid over \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) with the empty word \\(\\varepsilon_\\emptyset\\) as identity element. The reversal of a finite word \\(w= w_1\\cdots w_n\\) is given by \\(\\overleftarrow{w}= w_n \\cdots w_1\\). A substitution \\(\\sigma\\) over \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a map \\(\\mathcal{A} \\to \\mathcal{A}^\\star \\setminus \\{\\varepsilon_\\emptyset\\}\\) and can be extended to a morphism of \\(\\mathcal{A}^\\star\\) naturally. The reversal substitution \\(\\overleftarrow{\\sigma}\\) is given by \\(\\overleftarrow{\\sigma}(i) := \\overleftarrow{\\sigma(i)}\\) for all \\(i \\in \\mathcal{A}\\).  Let \\((\\sigma_1,\\sigma_2,\\dots)\\) be any infinite sequence of substitutions. This sequence generates a right infinite word \\(w=w_1w_2\\cdots\\) if  \\[  w=\\lim_{n \\to \\infty} \\sigma_1\\sigma_2 \\cdots \\sigma_n(i) \\qquad \\text{for all \\(i \\in \\mathcal{A}\\)}.  \\]  The sequence \\((\\sigma_n)_n\\) generates the bi-infinite word \\(w=\\cdots w_{-1}w_0w_1\\cdots\\) if \\((\\sigma_n)_n\\) generates \\(w_0w_1\\cdots\\) and \\((\\overleftarrow{\\sigma_n})_n\\) generates \\(w_{-1}w_{-2}\\cdots\\).  The paper considers the following coding of an irrational rotation. Let \\(S^1=\\mathbb{R}/\\mathbb{Z}\\) and \\(R_\\alpha:S^1 \\to S^1\\) be the rotation \\(R_\\alpha(z) = z+\\alpha\\) modulo \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\) (with \\(\\alpha \\in \\mathbb{R}\\)). We identify \\(S^1\\) with \\([0,1)\\) and consider a finite ordered sequence \\(\\Lambda= \\{\\omega_1< \\dots <\\omega_{d_1}\\}\\) with \\(\\omega_i \\in (0,1)\\). \\(\\Lambda\\) induces the partition \\(t_0(0) =[0,\\omega_0)\\), \\(t_0(i)=[\\omega_{i-1},\\omega_i)\\) for \\(i=1,\\dots,d\\) with \\(\\omega_d=1\\). We have the following map:  \\[  J:S^1 \\to \\mathcal{A}^\\mathbb{Z}, \\omega \\mapsto \\big(J(\\omega)_n\\big)_{n \\in \\mathbb{Z}}  \\]  with \\(J(\\omega)_n = i \\iff R_\\alpha^n(\\omega) \\in t_0(i)\\).  The paper generalizes the following ``folklore'' proposition for two-digit alphabets to \\(d\\)-digit alphabets using techniques based on Denjoy systems, Bratteli-Vershik systems and substitution systems.  Proposition: Take \\(d=1\\) and \\(\\mathcal{A}=\\{0,1\\}\\) the two-digit alphabet. Let \\(\\alpha = [0,a_1,a_2,\\dots]\\) be the (regular) infinite continued fraction of the irrational \\(\\alpha \\in [0,1)\\). Put \\(\\sigma_n(0)=0\\underbrace{1 \\cdots 1}_{a_n \\text{ times}}\\) and \\(\\sigma_n(1)=0\\underbrace{1 \\cdots 1}_{a_n-1 \\text{ times}}\\) for each \\(n \\in \\mathbb{Z}\\). Then the sequence \\((\\sigma_1,\\overleftarrow{\\sigma}_2\\sigma_3,\\overleftarrow{\\sigma}_4, \\dots)\\) generates \\(J_\\alpha(\\alpha)\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$4504DB79-D6B8-42E4-9032-34BB0458A235","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b559307b5b2969939e6945d65ee127220f8f6f4b","datavalue":{"value":"37B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$B1551574-7C28-44F4-A520-4E0836EB51F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6247f04fad65d359a20e559b3e9499d6219d492e","datavalue":{"value":"05A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$C72C5249-2176-4B41-AD03-73569462DB71","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"546d6ba2718894cb86bee99dfb57f6aef892e4ff","datavalue":{"value":"5604234","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$FC52914D-6C10-49B5-9480-31F2E778E047","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4d3f12a06ac4bd9d7f186882a18ca3d5a43efba1","datavalue":{"value":"Sturmian sequence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$BB6F1AB2-F575-48CB-80C0-5171C8F1B44B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"14a0b52d068957a950c3b1d9f4afdd566cefa2bd","datavalue":{"value":"Denjoy systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$54F3FF29-545F-4DF3-8C32-9DCBCB9A45C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4b9b7a2c0a28b170b0907bc31ffb7abc478f3d5a","datavalue":{"value":"Bratteli-Vershik systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$1B3A4144-7014-4C80-BDB2-9A4953068EFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"65df4299b7c085983df1af8ef271e1bd93fb70c0","datavalue":{"value":"substitution systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$8240CC78-E410-49C7-A634-1B21E3DC97A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$A5286047-265D-4AE3-8FA0-5470893F0039","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9df497027340cdb25d21ea56c3a3e68b428240e6","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3836/tjm/1249648408","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$848F610B-5DD0-4B85-A3B7-678920F4118B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"038261b664777ae3ba7d4008b7f5ed81e52c1846","datavalue":{"value":"W1975590080","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$D5D735C7-FDBD-4506-9C5F-E826B3B2B24A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"21f15fbcfd6d9c701516560342446f9744bae7f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4695543,"id":"Q4695543"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$91F07501-8E72-4FC5-8132-65DB03C229AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2b6c4cb79009381e7fc6bede6972ef7bd56fd581","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4520664,"id":"Q4520664"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$4DF0FCE3-7472-409A-B552-131BC908CBFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d425f89a8666b9fd73a0cb4802f78a056fb9fcbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1084443,"id":"Q1084443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$92B18AA8-7FB3-4354-8C7C-42E97BE8333B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c885dfc78fb53ebc262fd460c8c7c27044904534","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5752638,"id":"Q5752638"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$8D1338EA-1E7C-4BEB-BF0E-9511BFDEC323","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ab968868a27793512725f9615e172750ff9d631","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4529547,"id":"Q4529547"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$EDDDE299-8DAA-43E9-A910-AE19F9D18092","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58d2d712b5c914fcfa7d0d03a15a3eb53ba66d40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3509959,"id":"Q3509959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$3456B4A5-DBA4-4A53-A155-E986BDF6BBA2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"dad2a40483a17c5770509954ede3b50190b61dbb","datavalue":{"value":"10.3836/TJM/1249648408","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q841436$4B7BF74D-A6CE-4D64-AFB8-68CBF184C4C7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"423a4ec73c055f863662a608c5639e7358544d0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2805069,"id":"Q2805069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d6afb6e9d542efb3bc992ccb326908474e06d80f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7943115830421448","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841436$5BF1C484-05CF-4C27-A0A9-30C3404C3A0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3207ff396e2c977c1fe849cc90b982ca0388ca14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2401349,"id":"Q2401349"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"73e8d72837622e8e2ad77de72c60664ccbd2fe04","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.740060567855835","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841436$5AA3B1FA-E731-4B33-873C-75288E4073C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"78824c94b1705d21fe45cd21c521771ef5f94ff4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1599509,"id":"Q1599509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bd3f0528ff48bad442f81892e86137ea360c01e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7345107197761536","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841436$350E471B-DAE3-4B8B-B91C-E64ADCCEE102","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d06b5ff6c0e7d1dff16b0ad9cd9971e5e15e0d18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2372778,"id":"Q2372778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3280f9baa0849d91365f9e3084018399245661ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.729814350605011","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841436$CB2662AA-054C-4B2B-B3D5-31BF9EC71731","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c96bf5f1897a35022c3b74bbdeb0e3647e41d6d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2708965,"id":"Q2708965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"30f79562e3cdeda0f2d2fafff21e68ac199bdfa4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7255068421363831","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q841436$6B401807-FEE4-4887-A74E-77454019C8CB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Denjoy systems and substitutions","badges":[]}}}}}