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Three main types are considered: Kloosterman sums \\(K_n(a)\\) of degree \\(n\\), \\(m\\)-dimensional Kloosterman sums \\(K^{(m)}(a)\\), and \\(m\\)-dimensional Kloosterman sums \\(K_n^{(m)}(a)\\) of degree \\(n\\). In order to define these, we recall some notation: \\(p\\) is a prime, \\(q=p^r\\) for some fixed power \\(r\\), \\({\\text{tr}}\\) denotes the trace from \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\) to \\(\\mathbb{F}_p\\), namely \\({\\text{tr}}(x) = x+ x^p + x^{p^2} + \\cdots + x^{p^{r-1}}\\) for \\(x \\in \\mathbb{F}_q\\), and \\({\\text{Tr}}\\) denotes the trace from \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q^m}\\) to \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\), namely \\({\\text{Tr}}(x) = x+ x^q + x^{q^2} + \\cdots + x^{q^{m-1}}\\) for \\(x \\in \\mathbb{F}_{q^m}\\). Let \\(\\omega\\) be a primitive \\(p\\)-th root of unity. The relevant Kloosterman sums are defined by:  \\[  K_n(a) = \\sum_{x_1,\\ldots, x_n \\in \\mathbb{F}_q^*} \\omega ^{{\\text{tr}} (x_1 + \\cdots + x_n + \\frac{a}{x_1 \\cdots x_n})},  \\]   \\[ K^{(m)}(a) = \\sum_{x \\in \\mathbb{F}^*_{q^m}} \\omega^{{\\text{tr}}( {\\text{Tr}}(x + ax^{-1}))}, \\]   \\[  K_n^{(m)}(a) = \\sum_{x_1,\\ldots, x_n \\in \\mathbb{F}_{q^m}^*} \\omega^{{\\text{tr}}( {\\text{Tr}}(x_1+ \\cdots + x_n + \\frac{a}{x_1\\cdots x_n}))}. \\]  For a Kloosterman sum \\(K(a)\\) (where \\(K\\) may be any of the above three types), \\(\\sum_a (K(a))^d\\) is the \\(d\\)-th moment. The main results of the paper pertain to the case \\(q=2^r\\), for which the author computes \\(d\\)-th moments in the following cases: for \\(K_2\\), the \\(d\\)-th moment for \\(d=1,2,3,4\\); for \\(K^{(4)}\\), \\(d=2\\); for \\(K^{(2)},\\) \\(d=4\\). A key theorem generalizes a result of \\textit{L. Carlitz} [Math. Scand. 42, 39--48 (1978; Zbl 0388.12007)] and proves that in the case \\(q=2^r\\), for every positive integer \\(m\\),  \\[  K_2^{(m)}(a) = (K^{(m)}(a))^2 -q^m, \\]  for all \\(a \\in \\mathbb{F}_{q^m}^*\\). From this, the author is able to compute the following \\(d\\)-th moments: for \\(K_2^{(2)},\\) \\(d=1,2\\); for \\(K_2^{(3)}\\), \\(d=1\\); for \\(K_2^{(4)}\\), \\(d=1\\). The author also considers the correlation of pairs of sequences constructed from Kloosterman sums, as well as generalized Kloosterman 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