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This theorem may be regarded as a Goldbach analogue of Birch's theorem [\\textit{B. J. Birch}, Mathematika 4, 102--105 (1957; Zbl 0081.04501)]. In the latter sense, the presence of the integers \\(c_i\\) in the above statement might appear somewhat offensive, but the authors give a simple example in which the above conclusion fails to hold without the \\(c_i\\) (or, with \\(c_1=\\cdots=c_s=1\\)). The permissible choices for \\(s_0(d_1,\\ldots,d_r)\\) above are concretely given in the paper, and in particular, when \\(r=1\\) and \\(d_1=3\\), it is shown that one may take \\(s_0(3)=36\\).  The above theorem is derived from the following key lemma: If \\(f_i\\in{\\mathbb Q}[x_1,\\ldots,x_s]\\) is homogeneous for \\(1\\leq i\\leq r\\) and the solution set of system of equations \\(f_i({\\mathbf x})=0\\) \\((1\\leq i\\leq r)\\) contains a rational projective line, then there exist integers \\(c_1,\\ldots,c_s\\) with the above property, that is, \\((c_1,\\ldots,c_s)=1\\) and the system of equations \\(f_i(c_1p_1,\\ldots,c_sp_s)=0\\) \\((1\\leq i\\leq r)\\) possesses infinitely many solutions in prime numbers \\(p_1,\\ldots,p_s\\), not all equal. The proof of this lemma appeals to the celebrated theorem of Green and Tao concerning long arithmetic progressions formed by primes [\\textit{B. Green} and \\textit{T. Tao}, Ann. Math. (2) 167, No. 2, 481--547 (2008; Zbl 1191.11025)].  From this key lemma, the authors also deduce the following conclusion on quadratic forms. Suppose that \\(Q\\in{\\mathbb Q}[x_1,\\ldots,x_s]\\) is a quadratic form having the signature \\((r,s-r)\\) with \\(\\min\\{r,s-r\\}\\geq2\\), which satisfies either (i) \\(s\\geq7\\), or (ii) the solution set of the quadratic equation \\(Q({\\mathbf x})=0\\) contains a projective line over every local field (\\({\\mathbb Q}_p\\) for every prime \\(p\\), as well as \\({\\mathbb R}\\)). Then there exists fixed integers \\(c_1,\\ldots,c_s\\) with \\((c_1,\\ldots,c_s)=1\\), satisfying the property that the equation \\(Q(c_1p_1,\\ldots,c_sp_s)=0\\) possesses infinitely many solutions in prime numbers \\(p_1,\\ldots,p_s\\), not all 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