{"entities":{"Q854915":{"pageid":856763,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q854915","lastrevid":64849935,"modified":"2026-04-11T22:38:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q854915","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Two examples in the Galois theory of free groups."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5077770"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$6B7839A3-3178-42A6-BDA0-CB3810E33564","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6722d0a4e18a38570b68e5ca391f7eb97b1ba8d1","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Two examples in the Galois theory of free groups.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$15CB6550-D13F-4049-8E58-6362C355E5F6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"157db73ec39cf509640b1a354abb5c57809fd108","datavalue":{"value":"1117.20020","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$81026CF7-8CDB-4BC0-B983-1ED914D7CC04","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5db1cc0a9d5111404666f7aa89bf92d3cf23019d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":273096,"id":"Q273096"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$DF735C37-AE60-46F4-96B4-C82590DEABC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f69fa7507b6f6a68fff16cb7c21721bff46457dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":649799,"id":"Q649799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$2ECE4B90-AD76-4B77-89DC-BC8F5166D156","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"93541bb195a0809b1f249396bcebe99d047e6b6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161561,"id":"Q161561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$1F6445C7-76B5-4BA6-A02B-FF82C1A8A7EC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f69fd7e33e5959021461630cbc83478a74a6768f","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-12-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$C0D34046-F11D-4E61-8881-434CC8A12C86","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4a91d8163522d1f282e3971662d2c554ebdfe6f4","datavalue":{"value":"If \\(F\\) is a free group, \\(\\Aut(F)\\) its group of automorphisms (resp. \\(\\text{End}(F)\\) its monoid of endomorphisms), then there is a correspondence between the subgroups of \\(F\\) and the subgroups of \\(\\Aut(F)\\) (resp. the submonoids of \\(\\text{End}(F)\\)), in which to every subgroup \\(H\\) of \\(F\\) corresponds the subgroup \\(\\Aut_H(F)\\) of \\(\\Aut(F)\\) (resp. the submonoid \\(\\text{End}_H(F)\\) of \\(\\text{End}(F)\\)), which consists of the elements leaving \\(H\\) elementwise fixed. Also \\(\\text{Fix}(S)\\) for \\(S\\) a subgroup of \\(\\Aut(F)\\) (resp. submonoid of \\(\\text{End}(F)\\)) denotes the subgroup of \\(F\\) left elementwise fixed by every element of \\(S\\). Thus in particular \\(\\text{Fix}(\\Aut_H(F))\\) and \\(\\text{Fix}(\\text{End}_H(F))\\) are the \\(\\Aut(F)\\)-closure and \\(\\text{End}(F)\\)-closure of \\(H\\), respectively.   \\textit{A.~Martino} and \\textit{E.~Ventura} [J. Algebra 269, No. 2, 735-747 (2003; Zbl 1035.20018)], have given examples for which  \\[ \\text{Fix}(\\Aut_H(F))\\neq\\text{Fix}(\\text{End}_H(F))=H. \\]  In this present paper, the authors consider two of these examples and for them they give explicit descriptions of \\(\\text{End}_H(F)\\), \\(\\Aut_H(F)\\) and \\(\\text{Fix}(\\Aut_H(F))\\) and simplify their proofs. Also, they recall Martino's and Ventura's relevant results and comment on the results contained in the above mentioned paper.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$5581F7DE-095F-4C17-BC58-604C526FA039","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e478659c80ac196196a2283c8b16b79c8d8cd8d5","datavalue":{"value":"20E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$71813490-9367-43CE-ABCF-105320A43F77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9f4783aefc0465a962c2651b89c22d3aa35c14ce","datavalue":{"value":"20E36","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$758AC34D-EF3D-4131-A977-F05E890FBC32","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"fd887db78384e33ce695e815417db1b0ea3632f7","datavalue":{"value":"5077770","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$CD0F36EB-021E-4118-BF2F-B0A7302E6FB1","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0ffb9b557bffdfa5cd70d593a7ec3f8594345072","datavalue":{"value":"free groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$91B809D9-4559-44A7-9E1F-009E9FB53C04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"afcd51cd543cea5ea2f2a0a10673ee2dfc5d96e9","datavalue":{"value":"fixed subgroups of automorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$F850AB0B-4CA8-4F30-8F79-0DC4CA0F2A24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"43b9c5303d28802429b73e4c9d563d4f80058940","datavalue":{"value":"retracts","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$C7ABB3DD-8A21-454C-90E7-AE531A4819E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e31c9eb9d95cb5345bdf568067bff921e79d5201","datavalue":{"value":"fixed subgroups of endomorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$A591D21C-8E7F-4433-A04B-B9B02035A949","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$B2C2AAE7-418A-4C17-A36E-310916030BC7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"df58f7305890aed7fb500de677992571b037f924","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2006.02.029","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$BD2F204A-548F-4F7F-857E-7F0EF4095960","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"fc6aa5ab7f971dad0e4bf1cc2f781127063b41e9","datavalue":{"value":"W2040847208","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$921D6769-5F5B-4232-B058-DFA20634D7A3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"82d3cbffed8a301b84b1253490d8c6b17bf2e322","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4145882,"id":"Q4145882"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$7484D68D-8BBA-4C65-A114-632F3F3C2C66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b69bd6f3ef4266a4d848b23b88e4b43049b5490b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1880627,"id":"Q1880627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$4B6F220B-8D07-4684-A633-04B2043CF098","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"833940de4340b822c4e4eea69471cb6043c683a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1582244,"id":"Q1582244"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$C2B435CF-7213-46EC-8C5C-DDDA7445F3E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ad41ff602f4a1fef4a206c529dfa4c42e789061e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1414689,"id":"Q1414689"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$F932FE7B-7D3F-4791-9FDA-B791E68A1915","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0db906a3dd98773848653d2d20f1e917305f16fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4361061,"id":"Q4361061"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$E90C2A36-5AA1-4BE8-99E1-41EA9131A0DF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ca86ae5870b56ff48b708d0c45dd2fffa2f422a6","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2006.02.029","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q854915$7AAC8D5F-5760-43D5-A2FB-BE37195973A8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"287b7ce4f1988965241403850942e7d3a2d7e5c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":716396,"id":"Q716396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"406cedbb59bf274145f4d97ed85136a6e39c7cc5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7970057","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$96BCD47B-8E7B-4C05-BD60-20188B1729D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e5ba2cf7addf181af5953646ccbfffbea7005fb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":335040,"id":"Q335040"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2aabda55e8640848f8c30c499e59546f5ada2f30","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7859983","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$8A447A15-EE73-4B47-A32D-7FD80DAC1805","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3de547ac83b98efcd1a5f88feb3dc53947a54804","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1414689,"id":"Q1414689"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"95877166af7efa76599c4182ab2d19e08bddd236","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7620647","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$FA21BEAF-97A9-4DFA-BD38-A883093E6F28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc59f0b86d1b0e78dc778e76896d9901f4b53192","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1582244,"id":"Q1582244"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f8b09f7f03ba3363f78775abb3308f673b42d42a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7383301","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$D4394ECB-C532-428A-9260-95D7B8C43869","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ab9810f8b252d69a804ef0f06f5aafe24730a540","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2781237,"id":"Q2781237"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d215785fe64de9ce9a9f151accf57111b4eda925","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73369294","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$9F6A68F2-3AF3-4454-ABA5-28D3CF02CA81","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa10ca2763e9250117618128603e03cc9b666c34","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3755639,"id":"Q3755639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"50a0b9c667546f98f37febdc6e0aeea0b921ad51","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7310841","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$6687D86F-90AC-4747-B795-C55CD3028F4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b721235ed77664a156b9d263ea163a92ee83fd8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4877335,"id":"Q4877335"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0ed047315d41d6ce3bb2f739e3fff51712c5069e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72813666","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$3D52D26C-AEBD-4E21-89CB-50116F7DF4B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"348cd1c4dcc74fa6bdaa1c1ac3a4e7742ee3b45d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3152685,"id":"Q3152685"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14afa701e0249f8e4474fc9f21a09f77178330f7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72339326","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$24E9243B-1998-42D3-AE0F-AF9063097669","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5e77a9b646e1d807fa9e270365772c28b8b6add4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1093011,"id":"Q1093011"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2577bf216c1e627a5b8436bebd5241a9a842b75c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7167071","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$D252760B-0A21-4C4B-8AFE-FAA23DB73BB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"16f318a41fce4071eaed6fb3df25753c8aa984f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1970973,"id":"Q1970973"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c38d6405b4ed84153abb46f5520681bcd4773bfa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7036517","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q854915$CA54974F-9237-4749-A472-27C3EDC6218C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Two examples in the Galois theory of free groups.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Two_examples_in_the_Galois_theory_of_free_groups."}}}}}