{"entities":{"Q863554":{"pageid":865402,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q863554","lastrevid":64950417,"modified":"2026-04-11T23:18:53Z","type":"item","id":"Q863554","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Was the Bell system a natural monopoly? An application of data envelopment analysis"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5122231"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$D320AECC-A1A4-4E55-9C48-64BB3CC41EB4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4b5441238bb885541898ecb4df9dc6f3987c5088","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Was the Bell system a natural monopoly? An application of data envelopment analysis","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$E980ABAD-137C-43F1-86FC-606C1C8E60B6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3c7fdb47ae6a606d0ce2c7279fc6214109cef41e","datavalue":{"value":"1106.90040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$1F90670C-B330-40B7-B0CA-CE149DBD9CF1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4a0baf21e7bc8982c0d5a8b6755d7430820adb54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":525807,"id":"Q525807"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$5125AA07-3F54-4906-928E-1BFB020F0083","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2b4dbb1b53377e0d6edeb2ab88fb2af7551bec79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":863553,"id":"Q863553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$2546C7BB-3446-4811-9B88-8B89FAE06294","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8f57d1123ebbbd10d621b3552a672e7729202712","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":59875,"id":"Q59875"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$FBDF0BB5-0F42-4E07-88A6-73E34C31E4BF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d7d612691671f975762f6c673ba38c6149083432","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-02-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$FB134270-975C-488F-8CEB-FF175EF062FF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"306e8f65eab4f086795d9337f8e86ca94ed2db57","datavalue":{"value":"90B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$0AA73EB6-5C49-4177-9454-3FEDC5D2BDF8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e5ba6edee578d7e875d13f0335aac8fc53d256fe","datavalue":{"value":"5122231","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$7B3877EF-FD32-4746-A729-EEED1B701348","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1f6fff94edf0b4bee8051dbf3d9353d04e877539","datavalue":{"value":"DEA","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$81DADB0A-3C28-43A8-94CB-C1911E7D652A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c06dbffdbd0e6c619bc26376b212794e45931b3a","datavalue":{"value":"Bell system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$F6D129D1-41B6-4F83-BBA4-3D2AF8A18E07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"821399fb667b07bd3d853105ebe26b60d1f72794","datavalue":{"value":"returns to scale","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$C9E3DF85-5076-4CBE-AFF5-AF4633D253DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ff5151853729a7fc6965a30524b3886b4ff48b96","datavalue":{"value":"inefficiency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$B53CA9D7-22C2-4BE3-B9AB-FB94D1363A7C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$79652B50-7924-4750-9832-336DABE71839","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"63152afd1625e1e1e430908f74e96be2f17082d4","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-006-0033-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$0D458DB0-BE72-4100-B0FD-5CC61CA4D7C0","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"914ebb961d16b7ae92fb548b9cf9069065e57f69","datavalue":{"value":"W2112362546","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$B953E40F-BC63-42BE-9FE3-EBACD2CE520B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e29a83bda64f1654086e390133d6683f1321e1b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":793637,"id":"Q793637"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$3E8140D4-2CBD-4048-BAE4-7D4AAB84DB31","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f2cd12f9017830b7cc27d43d948ced036c05aad1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4287703,"id":"Q4287703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$71366666-05C1-4EE3-8650-B799161FA73B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2fc35397cac395ffa68e51ec81bdff7339bf4431","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":76461,"id":"Q76461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$6DD8F1F7-2105-4A58-BD32-729E9AFBCCD3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01efcaf5c4cdf12cc8b8baa925426e96a49a1697","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3806950,"id":"Q3806950"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$8DF984B0-BE91-4EC1-9D49-016AA01A8A1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fbc2c07799cf6904786d02cb160234be6c899485","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3854958,"id":"Q3854958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$67EC68DE-8C0F-43F6-9514-D27B6682FBD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"602bd7389a86b70ca52a6d183f2a7242869306da","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5656575,"id":"Q5656575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$2421EFD2-0571-47D2-889A-0E9D5DCD1345","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f08de60a04808f8fa84762a1f1e1d60b9da2032b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10479-006-0033-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q863554$3239F91C-5A7A-4E7A-968E-7467433530CE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4d646af5d51d51eae4b5cb859f837993143ceac5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5383223,"id":"Q5383223"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d3e77b803f1f8f2da3439e874a2f46777e20ed5d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7453845","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$FE6770CD-2CA8-4881-AC51-A149EE081DAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6b01ea0525009b5e5634db9147904caea810d6a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3607098,"id":"Q3607098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"32c65c97e3b31a970d5d3e2818ba9f520b7b44f4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7227065","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$34AFA5BA-99F0-43E8-9481-1A15F089AB4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6e0301fe69a17594a15235453e0194a5267acd33","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2501339,"id":"Q2501339"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5f81f32f559cee376dc7726c89b6f9c0d1f60dd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7141538","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$2893D3E6-7AF3-4915-830E-1DF0EC58491B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f59985981596bb303f4e7e1edb9d677709d857c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2088899,"id":"Q2088899"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a07d121592f26093194ad6cabc3ccdb17d0e33d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7123177","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$71DB404A-AAF3-4D2E-B628-D57B0052CF35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0b78f841c841e4c45bfc50ad855047a7107113a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1302712,"id":"Q1302712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"256c4d4dc2a06a5abc0e187d9f17163082506fb4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71099615","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$919F9BCF-3D1B-4C50-A327-0E1DFB31EA95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"48776d7ea5c99e5291948ecaeabe0f8a6485cf9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4834020,"id":"Q4834020"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6ee8971ed0f3567fe53e4675c20279f716b9ca9d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70974195","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$76E8A1A1-7EDF-4941-9678-9AB26CC8DDE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a8d59b2972a685aaa57a7e677d954230eee46ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":503052,"id":"Q503052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"34163285703bf830479cf5c148cbab917c4621c5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7088039","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$8CDAE381-73BA-4EE2-A7DA-714AB0455487","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bdcb4d99bb8432531832b8cfb9cb5b1c33f9ecd3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1605456,"id":"Q1605456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f6a7877cfccdace0cb61082ab927d021d34fb163","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7084119","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$95FFF398-04E4-4DAF-949E-738E2B31E770","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fca8838b452036fd1c6e61355e3e64c09fcf78b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2440464,"id":"Q2440464"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c46a92a60c76dcf6065ac7173ca792441f74ad24","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70806634","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q863554$137E2755-D093-489A-8755-073CD42740FF","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Was the Bell system a natural monopoly? An application of data envelopment analysis","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Was_the_Bell_system_a_natural_monopoly%3F_An_application_of_data_envelopment_analysis"}}}}}