{"entities":{"Q864263":{"pageid":866111,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q864263","lastrevid":64931193,"modified":"2026-04-11T23:11:18Z","type":"item","id":"Q864263","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Projective connections"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5125075"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$37F8FCFA-73F5-4E08-9288-7732B4FFBC8C","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0dd203db11e8cfca4b4fc5a6eedce868efcbc4fc","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Projective connections","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$807879A8-3FB6-48E4-9FBC-E7E2B5253E46","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e72e522ad043c5e48e04bcafbb594f7b838aa798","datavalue":{"value":"1114.53014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$79277207-849E-4157-8A15-95F073E00D47","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"69769b5c2eec8087b3ffa9e7a20e4533cdd75f07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166065,"id":"Q166065"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$095F2DA0-EC54-4E5C-ABDA-DA73459A8647","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6774d6ab22787c63fbf9dfb9bb080cedf0202a59","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-02-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$FFBDBAB2-9638-4869-A6B8-457AF733AB07","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c9989431135c9b2505dc8d14de84fcad57fe6545","datavalue":{"value":"Two approaches (of \u00c8. Cartan and of T. Y. Thomas and J. H. C. Whitehead) to the study of projective connections are compared. Spray geometry is reviewed, the Thomas-Whitehead construction and its generalization to sprays are discussed, and afterwards the Cartan theory in the affine case is described. A certain bundle is introduced which realizes explicitly Cartan's idea of attaching a projective space to each point of a manifold, called the Cartan bundle. This bundle is defined independent of any particular choice of connection, but to any projective class of sprays one can associate a unique Cartan connection on the Cartan bundle, as it is shown. In the course of the discussion a Cartan normal projective connection is derived for a system of second-order ordinary differential equations (extending the results of Cartan from a single equation to many) and the concept of a normal Thomas-Whitehead connection is generalized from affine to general sprays. Finally it is described in detail how to derive the Cartan connection from the generalized Thomas-Whitehead data for any projective equivalence class of sprays.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$D2437708-BB2D-4B05-9C68-D867F3C6605F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ea99290d87e603f223e5adbc3dded12aa5474ef1","datavalue":{"value":"53B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$AC41448B-F436-4655-99D9-2D8F68AC83BD","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"788cad621447ff80ac9b679290a98e55c8d043b7","datavalue":{"value":"5125075","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$A6311BCF-D604-4564-A80A-48C59DE2C30B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"25de86092c0e8eedb17355cd59007eb1a144ef86","datavalue":{"value":"Berwald connection","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$12339012-D039-45A0-9F6E-C4FD30B70AEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2f2fe47755e9fa4f6d225ab4c2541311e5fa1e70","datavalue":{"value":"Cartan projective connection","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$A6F7C638-7097-422D-A779-0291F7E9EED4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e8ed32d29b9cc66d999b1a962492a271b3cf6bfc","datavalue":{"value":"projective equivalence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$1FA8CAA3-B8BD-4BC5-A2AE-6927B9D51A8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"777b38c47506512ba5bc5418437585a0852817d6","datavalue":{"value":"spray","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$143BCEC5-ABB5-4272-B9AF-8E98FE30A1A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6ffb47acfc7ee2a4a11a37c54c4de4bd412d0fd4","datavalue":{"value":"ThomasWhitehead connection","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$C9ABFF68-AA5C-4600-B04D-DE8C166CF1EC","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"43f35815ba417f8cec51476b42b9e39235f7e5e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":446015,"id":"Q446015"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$2F0A92C7-BCF6-4387-B1BC-FA063E2F35E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cde3d5e8da90e1ddc269d86e1489449a9cda8ed5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1591588,"id":"Q1591588"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$53AC7E90-E326-4FAE-9286-5BA607CE776B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"aa263b21939d8f630115e6f5dbadc0241ff330c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091627,"id":"Q1091627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$5361D930-1DE0-4C31-9726-0BA3ED43999D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$BDFBCCA9-C0F6-48D5-B52F-777615DBFB11","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"297eedf10e2549795e81088683008a4a60e70463","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2006.03.007","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$0B400D64-28CB-4FAC-A901-836DB77D2A6C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a455363d9cda6706bfd1e26def2c3fa704d49043","datavalue":{"value":"W4205252476","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$7FAA505E-DC25-4DF5-8FA2-82868AE533B4","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9c277374c21a17913d67df02b971354b39b38b29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1890786,"id":"Q1890786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$8030AC07-43CB-41EB-AE2A-7B36C4506A8B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"56d71e4ce651e4d487cf2d948c96128261ea6bef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2714308,"id":"Q2714308"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$FAA55E1E-2D9A-4864-A10B-A2545B60AF56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2ea2e81cd5d0277f74519edee2cc9210e696165f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5293999,"id":"Q5293999"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$4ACCF0DC-F685-4F05-9BFD-EC824B3B07B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7a4c0285848c600a636bcf6b0aa7b83c00083482","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4376784,"id":"Q4376784"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$5AC0C8BA-EA29-460D-AEFC-B79F20A64FDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ccf2c4261b50100061dfae2fe23f8f6c8188a0a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4827097,"id":"Q4827097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$A82E9714-9C74-4B12-8783-052F11C4A9D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1941de8c61fa17213245dc89effeeb13ad557611","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1967143,"id":"Q1967143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$6B965A73-DC62-4C5B-99A7-4BF8B6F4F52F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"476deb28dfef2243c8b3c8039706d942dcfec831","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4837841,"id":"Q4837841"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$26987C73-C33B-4F60-9251-69784B599A94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4bb5228ed1459117a99fed090544e3f9d9f6f514","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5953705,"id":"Q5953705"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$C314B2BA-65D2-40F4-9135-C4C43B87523C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"007ca7333b13b168e8945a786b5f2643562bf07b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5941740,"id":"Q5941740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$4A89CF76-31A0-4F7A-A72D-756B74DF0A9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5979e6dc3cdb1a84d5c836e7e1cf0c538c2bb2e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1385073,"id":"Q1385073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$11E9F22B-A385-4326-AFC4-78138B7EE1F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aca11dd327ead99ff069a787bc6b920bf3c0a5c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2393821,"id":"Q2393821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$4F0C4E1B-D164-4B14-A31C-89166077A345","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bfd41dccaa4839d912fbb78a46ca93af3368cef1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5731354,"id":"Q5731354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$B0BCD93B-0F7C-43B8-ABDC-B1EF3D6A447C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a7d70e572f0caecf4071d0eb2f64196b60aed26d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4425089,"id":"Q4425089"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$A1320542-BF9D-4351-967F-3E2803818D3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1a10327b39ca302dd9770d6194614ddcf3e9a462","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4407020,"id":"Q4407020"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$D87A65CB-1C7A-4EEA-B22D-17DDE42FDB18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a6c96b22ec591acf98b60903c53a4b7fad7596c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4464366,"id":"Q4464366"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$1F77B91E-3B9B-4BE4-9EF8-EAB8C6E0AA78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3cabf214768b06a7cea75c662af2837f6705938b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1900155,"id":"Q1900155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$8DE5E8C3-D72E-4AF4-9EA0-CA3417519CA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83937e18436e0c55ac2b3874b4c99f54257590a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5831025,"id":"Q5831025"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$0DB859D8-C35C-4910-B5EE-2A0CEF30A333","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45ed02e71783ce3b2034ec6ae6d84275674a86db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4889899,"id":"Q4889899"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$828EF9AD-5F62-4BAB-85E0-90FD32DC13EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2da25c02445c1ea0624dcd30e1b5dc9e1a537eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2778951,"id":"Q2778951"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$1FE53B94-BE57-4B32-B98A-6E840499C956","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bbcec10ec88a990ef334c393d57e8de2894bc3e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1565250,"id":"Q1565250"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$931BD760-4336-480C-BCAC-61D2B8FCD9BA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ecd97e57709fd65396a6965a3a7ea3b22ac6bf7c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.GEOMPHYS.2006.03.007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q864263$1E7B745F-C471-495E-8867-6FFD323CD24D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d2ab38986cfe749a646a7d725799c2b3c417f17a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3416945,"id":"Q3416945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b6404c0abce5adb58502c057486ac4b6b4f8a4f5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8733571767807007","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q864263$44ED3CCF-E483-4DA7-995C-207FB3B079EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b3ef4d40abdf9414e4d344cd2971c5d2330ec948","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3437122,"id":"Q3437122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7456340571b8f9180507dcd07b0729b6a2fa12d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8723357915878296","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q864263$B8B8CD11-9EF7-4B3F-96F1-79CBB0F44493","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf1ce9aa10630f98e99637d32ec58b2983231d28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4352772,"id":"Q4352772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"48f5fb5fe9a423e34ca0c0cb2f9abf655b660af6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8361432552337646","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q864263$5990364B-0CDC-457C-9050-E50249C6A798","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba62ad7c1165a1883a10561df0fd30c0baf1662a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3312846,"id":"Q3312846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"48f5fb5fe9a423e34ca0c0cb2f9abf655b660af6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8361432552337646","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q864263$63163877-9F72-406E-84B2-A46716C6C126","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2ea8a3d1e34691221e4abec027465df78ccebda6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1900155,"id":"Q1900155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5ef4e2e3be2ea910756a8cb126451011d7c5c6bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8330774307250977","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q864263$1E1EB27D-59DE-493A-BE44-863467D0F938","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Projective connections","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Projective_connections"}}}}}