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Let \\(f: M\\to M\\) be a smooth map of a compact Riemannian manifold \\(M\\) into itself. The nonwandering set \\(\\Omega= \\Omega_f\\) of \\(f\\) is defined as usual. Assume that \\(f\\) has Axiom A, i.e. the periodic points of \\(f\\) are dense in \\(\\Omega\\) and we have a splitting of the tangent bundle over the \\(\\widehat\\Omega\\), defined below, into subbundles, one of which is \\(E^s\\), consisting of contracting directions for the derivative \\(Df\\) and the other \\(E^u\\), consisting of the expanding directions for \\(Df\\). For a compact metric space \\((X,d)\\) and a continuous map \\(f: X\\to X\\) we define the natural extension \\(\\widehat X\\) of \\(X\\) with respect to \\(f\\) as \\(\\widehat X= \\{\\widehat x\\mid\\widehat x= (x,x_{-1}, x_{-2},\\dots)\\), \\(f(x_{-i})= x_{i+1}\\,(i\\geq 1)\\}\\). The shift map on \\(\\widehat X\\) is \\(\\widehat f:\\widehat X\\to\\widehat X\\), defined by \\(\\widehat f(\\widehat x)= (f(x), x,x_{-1},\\dots)\\) and the canonical projection map \\(\\pi:\\widehat X\\to X\\) is given by \\(\\pi(\\widehat x)= x\\) for \\(\\widehat x= (x,x_{-1},\\dots)\\in\\widehat X\\). There exists a natural metric and \\(\\widehat X\\), for every \\(K> 1\\), given by \\(d_K(\\widehat x,\\widehat y)= d(x,y)+ d(x_{-1}, y_{-1})/K+ d(x_{-2}, y_{-2})/K^2+\\cdots\\) for \\(\\widehat x,\\widehat y\\in\\widehat X\\). A continuous map \\(f: X\\to X\\) is said to be (topologically) transitive on \\(X\\) if for any nonempty open sets \\(U\\), \\(V\\) in \\(X\\) there exists \\(n\\in\\mathbb{Z}\\) such that \\(f^n(U)\\cap V\\neq\\emptyset\\). If \\(f: M\\to M\\) is an Axiom A map as above, by the spectral decomposition theorem \\(\\Omega_f\\) can be partitoned into a finite number of \\(f\\)-invariant subsets, on which \\(f\\) is transitive.  These sets are unique up to order and are called basic sets. We say that a basic set \\(\\Lambda\\) is of saddle type if there are both stable and unstable directions on \\(\\Lambda\\). Now, given a map \\(f: M\\to M\\) with Axiom A and a basic set \\(\\Lambda\\) of saddle type, there exist local stable (resp. unstable) manifolds at every point \\(x\\in\\Lambda\\) (resp. \\(\\widehat x\\in\\widehat\\Lambda\\)) as follows: \\(W^s_\\beta(f,x)= \\{y\\in M\\mid d(f^nx, f^ny)< \\beta\\), \\(n\\geq 0\\}\\), \\(W^u_\\beta(f,\\widehat x)= \\{y\\in M\\mid\\exists\\, y= (y,y_{-1},\\dots)\\in \\widehat\\Lambda\\) with \\(d(y_{-i}, x_{-i})< \\beta\\) \\((i\\geq 0)\\}\\), where \\(\\widehat x\\in\\widehat\\Lambda\\) and \\(\\beta\\) is a suffuciently small positive number. We call the Hausdorff dimension \\(\\delta^u(\\widehat x,\\beta)= \\text{HD}(W^u_\\beta(f,\\widehat x)\\cap\\Lambda)\\) the unstable dimension (of size \\(\\beta\\)) at the prehistory \\(\\widehat x\\in\\widehat\\Lambda\\).  We denote the derivative in the unstable direction \\(Df|_{E_{\\hat x}^u}\\) by \\(Df_u(\\widehat x)\\) for \\(\\widehat x\\in\\widehat X\\) and define the real function \\(\\varphi^u\\) on \\(\\widehat X\\) by \\(\\varphi^4(\\widehat y)= -\\log|Df_u(\\widehat y)|\\) for \\(\\widehat y\\in\\widehat X\\).  Now, one of the main theorems in this paper is the following: Let \\(f: M\\to M\\) be an Axiom A smooth map of a compact Riemannian manifold \\(M\\) into itself. Consider a basic set \\(\\Lambda\\) of saddle type and a small positive number \\(\\beta\\) such that all unstable manifolds \\(W^u_\\beta(f,\\widehat x)\\) are defined. Then the unstable dimension \\(\\delta^u(\\widehat x,\\beta)\\) is equal to the unique zero \\(t^u\\) of the pressure function \\(t\\mapsto P_{\\widehat f}(t\\cdot\\varphi^u)\\), the pressure \\(P_f\\) being defined for a continuous map \\(f: X\\to X\\) as a functional \\(P_f: C(X)\\to\\overline R\\), where \\(C(X)\\) is the space of continuous \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)-valued functions on \\(X\\). In particular, the unstable dimension does not depend on \\(x\\) and \\(\\beta\\).  The author next considers a smooth map \\(f: M\\to M\\) with the property that for a compact subset \\(\\Lambda\\), \\(f(\\Lambda)= \\Lambda\\), \\(f|_\\Lambda\\) is transitive and \\(f\\) is hyperbolic and has local product structure over \\(\\Lambda\\) and considers a perturbation \\(g\\) of \\(f\\). The author proves that there is a small neighborhood \\({\\mathcal U}\\) of \\(C^1(M,M)\\) and a continuous map \\(\\Phi:{\\mathcal U}\\to C^0(\\widehat\\Lambda, M)\\) such that \\(\\Phi(g)\\circ\\widehat f= f\\circ\\Phi(g)\\) with several nice 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