{"entities":{"Q868623":{"pageid":870471,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q868623","lastrevid":42738444,"modified":"2025-07-09T17:33:28Z","type":"item","id":"Q868623","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Excess entry in the absence of scale economies"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5131205"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$F17025E2-6CB1-452A-8C0A-A0D306C0F3EF","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6a214e0ecb70cf53c580487679529d1fef371211","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Excess entry in the absence of scale economies","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$B277CEAC-7786-42BE-A9AF-758ACB018166","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2053e72929e802bc149edb69ad1a41081cfa147e","datavalue":{"value":"1117.91038","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$96B6AABB-CFF7-4C84-83CA-8ADE67C3F0D9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"63b3868c5a76e618dcf62fc4aa1c24929fc0356b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":420979,"id":"Q420979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$5B9E2BB4-330D-4267-9197-E2BEEAC745FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"275d3bb42f54f3f3705b9bb909c160b69156919e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":868622,"id":"Q868622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$21F03375-2BCA-4D5F-84AB-33EE13D5CE38","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"68143f6d277bb02adbea2879eaeff1303cbecc35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166318,"id":"Q166318"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$235EEB70-4975-4EC0-8871-7658EF36466E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f5823d03fbcff5d473b8034cff96a416b6d05e19","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-03-06T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$89DCF2DE-37F1-432B-A046-648E609E31A6","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9bbf9052cd001dfb134695dc8ea477c27461bd02","datavalue":{"value":"The authors show that with free entry and cost asymmetry amongst firms, excessive entry can occur even in the absence of economies of scale. They consider an entry regulation scenario with (a) strategic interaction between firms and the government where (b) the government is unable to commit -- two features frequently observed especially in developing countries. They consider the case with one efficient and arbitrarily many inefficient firms where the efficient firm can but need not be the leader. If the efficient firm decides to choose its quantity first, they have a Stackelberg game; else the game is Cournot.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$F0D94E2D-8C03-4770-AA6E-F717096D9BB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"211749c1d227f6a0ecb5a275daf45f962359411c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":272381,"id":"Q272381"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$1BF7E72F-7000-4357-8233-F99B326A0F8F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c41ac41d6e70ec19c64bdeedb4a0e69dd9ac054","datavalue":{"value":"91B38","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$C505D28D-BA65-4673-B298-89FCC42371E5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bbf8759bed97b0a7b60ee6be154505c051fb074e","datavalue":{"value":"5131205","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$5E5CB9DA-F1EB-40EF-BFA2-F29E8CD52526","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f9853785668152ff86f8cec21690fd2fc7ecb56","datavalue":{"value":"free entry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$40DBE997-D33A-423F-A2A2-0C508B743410","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"88cb2110e6e80d63e9c6670c9e896479e0b45cf0","datavalue":{"value":"economies of scale","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$16633783-4E77-4E09-9DDC-33CD409F8150","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3bca9278f8be140a4ff39965067754eb19d029b9","datavalue":{"value":"business-stealing","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$AF5BA5D2-825B-4E17-A2DC-B87AD23389E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c60b17c83bbbab0a7baaada75ab67eecf227bf5","datavalue":{"value":"excess entry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$F5903460-D791-489E-8218-336E736005F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a18f959dce5b5d6d1f45823ef8861a0f95fafaef","datavalue":{"value":"Cournot","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$0154F0C5-0BAC-4050-A51D-311189E1DD1D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"077f7b57b549f9c0394bc2013c46e904331bcb51","datavalue":{"value":"Stackelberg","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$00E7761A-700A-4D33-BE7C-09976B90FBC0","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$32D6BD49-0962-4246-AE3F-7365BB9CA60C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9e3f1e7b447536a401d05af564529ec6ebd84442","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-005-0072-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$947F6A2C-EF64-4196-A222-AD7052D01528","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6a403413940f61aaf17750471ba2380378864f1d","datavalue":{"value":"W2066233382","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$73DEB4DE-F4D9-46F5-82E8-AF89904D134D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aaa2f77f086279b138fa41d6a8a853921d86eb9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3354418,"id":"Q3354418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$B2B9372C-6E78-43D6-A1BF-5A0C474263EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e9d686f4f4015ef747b884bc03102b410414a0b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3751317,"id":"Q3751317"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$3D69937E-6189-4A25-873D-D613AB28024B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6ffc3c418e4db3fe75f3b096f775ee19aa7f0dc1","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00199-005-0072-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q868623$9A4F9F8B-9180-4856-BE56-21BEA55ABF2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c00587538d8a6705970643b319299cbfb3011067","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":405756,"id":"Q405756"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"496814580e6872b6c8287b7d3bc4c1efeb98f37b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9014504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$DB35F548-D186-4617-9F20-BAA46D9ADCCC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09a34d5b4c4a975c92d51921dfd2751659a2c261","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":656052,"id":"Q656052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f0b026a1a9ae18cc6ef3421fdaee55a93ea4aadc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.861052","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$4C71E648-9D23-49E2-9989-451DC0D08542","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4a707f2cf39b05727401b0d0b4ea685f7ebcebb2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4797296,"id":"Q4797296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d396b3641d70783ab0bb939a83e884a9c900de6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84321165","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$166CDA29-ED07-4A15-972C-8F2983B7628A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e2808137e718cb164c3e52c8f4e4601f0641a550","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":899761,"id":"Q899761"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b266c377d6fc19aad0b48a25effabb26bc4def27","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8420143","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$2DA00BD4-A50F-4F98-B0E2-E05B96CFB4E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1cf967fc8ec8e1d7cdb3ad70ede3071ebf42d9b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2150642,"id":"Q2150642"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"acc721f1b4b0890e9149c8c1156a605edfce485d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8335291","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$59FB3508-F49B-4BA7-8AB3-7432CED9E6B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"23e07cd966be45384b23d0d2b93b54b5862d7b00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4503712,"id":"Q4503712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c758729f7872fe7652c7d5570afa0f318ce9550c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83328587","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$1BE6ED60-EBA6-4156-8AA1-C91633D7C0EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a503647cb33d3ca0ac96d1338e1b183165f3e794","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1399551,"id":"Q1399551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b7d9b1c5d26216925e7e2224b7079d35af8dfc23","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83165216","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$685E9A7C-92B0-4287-8462-D4FBDEEB8F60","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4a35ce1dee10a945b2877939c7ac4855057202f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3502818,"id":"Q3502818"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3865975857a5d15cb8b7ba0a185d8180543555eb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8295438","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$0710A49F-8040-4432-99DA-9B4649365776","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a191900332c0dee462b12320d2f660f3bae806d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2437167,"id":"Q2437167"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b742dbab9b9675df9a9029f34834ede3d6791de6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81767833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q868623$AD94EB98-E9EC-4D0B-85D3-77BF530509B7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:868623","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:868623"}}}}}