{"entities":{"Q877161":{"pageid":879009,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q877161","lastrevid":65054733,"modified":"2026-04-12T00:00:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q877161","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Gradient estimates for the Perona-Malik equation"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5145026"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$3833AF26-BADF-42DE-8A64-C19B32C49716","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"41c15d45c4e6093d724f7c4ccc35fb0720e4e1d3","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Gradient estimates for the Perona-Malik equation","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$31AC48D2-CEA2-4054-AA32-0F4CAB006ED5","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"db7f44db06cab3335358ab9e195fdd990441fc03","datavalue":{"value":"1130.35081","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$A4B10E7A-134B-4017-B270-C486DF63C526","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e2c8aa20459da5a521696fa24b4a1ba64a428a16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":303829,"id":"Q303829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$72AFD2A7-5AB1-428F-9EE9-9BA1983687C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b2447292cc0df56e3d15cd8021b75e27db78d52d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172624,"id":"Q172624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$70435848-D2A8-423B-9E32-E16919B07826","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7016073dc3661ad2b8fcf740b72e135f31d59f23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166142,"id":"Q166142"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$282B335A-06F3-44AA-A483-43E667005544","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c162f292d55d8cae8f707bd4c33cce3b2222d9aa","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-04-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$60C4A8DB-9625-4CD2-9194-C5C7AF5F6B1A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8dccf79781088c1066b52f566b4362a57367ca5d","datavalue":{"value":"This paper concerns the initial boundary value problem   \\[  \\begin{aligned} & u_t=(\\varphi^\\prime(u_x))_x\\quad \\text{in }\\;(-1,1) \\times [0,T), \\\\ &u_x(-1,t) = u_x(1,t) = 0\\quad \\text{for }\\;t \\in[0,T), \\\\ & u(x,0) = u_0(x)\\quad \\text{for }\\;x \\in (-1,1), \\end{aligned}  \\]   which is the formal gradient flow of the integral functional   \\[  \\int_{-1}^1\\varphi(u_x)\\,dx.  \\]   As for \\(\\varphi\\), the authors assume that \\(\\varphi \\in C^2(\\mathbb R)\\) and \\(\\varphi^\\prime(0)=0\\). Therefore, the equation is forward-parabolic where \\(\\varphi^{\\prime\\prime}(u_x) > 0\\), and backward-parabolic where \\(\\varphi^{\\prime\\prime}(u_x) < 0\\). The interesting case is when the initial data \\(u_0\\) is transcritical, that is, such that \\(\\varphi^{\\prime\\prime}(u_{0x})\\) changes its sign in \\([-1,1]\\). It is known that this problem has no global solution if \\(u_0\\) is transcritical, and existence of local solutions, even for special classes of transcritical initial data, is still open problem. The \\(n\\)-dimensional generalization of this problem is   \\[  \\begin{aligned} & u_t=\\operatorname{div}\\left( \\varphi^\\prime(| \\nabla u| )\\frac{\\nabla u}{| \\nabla u| }\\right)\\quad \\text{in }\\;\\Omega \\times [0,T), \\\\ &\\frac {\\partial u}{\\partial n}= 0\\quad \\text{on }\\;\\partial\\Omega\\times[0,T), \\\\ & u(x,0) = u_0(x)\\quad \\text{for }\\;x \\in \\Omega, \\end{aligned}  \\]   which is the gradient flow of the integral functional \\(\\int_\\Omega\\varphi(| \\nabla u| )\\,dx\\),  where \\(\\Omega\\) is a bounded open set with piecewise \\(C^1\\) boundary. The typical example is the so called Perona-Malik equation corresponding to \\(\\varphi(\\sigma) = \\frac 12\\log(1+\\sigma^2)\\) which is introduced by \\textit{P. Perona} and \\textit{J. Malik} [IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12, 629--639 (1990)] in the context of image processing [see \\textit{B. Kawohl}, Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 27, 1803--1814 (2004; Zbl 1060.35054)].   In this paper, in the one dimensional problem, it is shown that if \\(u_0\\) is transcritical, then the \\(L^1\\) norm of \\(u_x\\) in the space variable is non-increasing in time and the \\(L^\\infty\\) norm of \\(u_x\\) in the space variable is non-decreasing in time. Then, the authors consider the semi-discrete scheme obtained by replacing the space derivatives by finite differences. Extending the previous estimates to the discrete setting they prove a compactness result for the scheme and characterize the possible limits in some cases. In the \\(n\\)-dimensional problem \\((n > 1)\\), examples show that the corresponding estimates on \\(\\nabla u\\) are in general false.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$F2C4A69E-CFFF-4B69-8041-D77F02B94489","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c87938d56ab92fd73eb690d968b99420e13e82bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":234460,"id":"Q234460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$06ED7233-3FF8-418A-91B7-B5AFD8714281","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"922b346dded17eaef4f8a24b438d1fa0021d21d8","datavalue":{"value":"35K60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$964425DC-FBB0-4CA7-8CC6-148C47C77205","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d25c13c337e96543ffd849e38a9f8a38db3087f7","datavalue":{"value":"35K55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$03AC92C9-05C7-4B88-8532-E7F58E19EAC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bd6caedaf72266c98db78c0f0fa476e81b86921d","datavalue":{"value":"35B45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$790E7FED-873C-4DCA-A614-0CBC3D1604B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"aa401cc296e466ee2fb5ee368a514d30cdf0db3a","datavalue":{"value":"35B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$CD22DB47-9011-49A8-BB7E-E5B24538C9D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ab7a0d2add14e0dbd91ec8ae1d32a5bb94f2fb34","datavalue":{"value":"68U10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$16E76965-EA90-4508-A4C1-6FB69D98EB0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8ebe861f780cbafb080d8d6dc6a8f207cd2bd86f","datavalue":{"value":"35M10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$9510EA75-3360-4C41-B3C0-0143ACC92C69","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e83950cd955caf121f9f0dd91646a88a2e092900","datavalue":{"value":"5145026","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$868755AA-A594-430E-BE10-0798E751E955","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"997d2ed659ac734fb92eb349ddb8e145725159fd","datavalue":{"value":"Perona-Malik equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$FD29A79B-A4E7-4679-B450-A007D0CFC00B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0149159c7e313e6b446b6805208fb08a33bc96f2","datavalue":{"value":"gradient flow","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$2C8E87AC-A5F6-45E8-9D05-C77E10CA0D40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ff17dae9d97e61d0e8d63f2a2cbb0118a28c034a","datavalue":{"value":"forward-parabolic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$BB1D49C6-782B-4AB3-B12C-530FF82296A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7cc6531221cecfd7879d3ca404436daacd32c9fd","datavalue":{"value":"backward-parabolic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$82368DA3-AEFC-4B80-AC80-862CA3FB801D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fd23639833a69e6b2e5ca9e5c4b414d11c3f042a","datavalue":{"value":"semi-discrete scheme","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$785AA608-C4AF-4A7C-9FF2-9891F751E58F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b4cbe40f71c68777ac27c7878896c15b49a56598","datavalue":{"value":"image processing","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$92B6F720-FBC9-4AFC-812E-F9905355DD1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"152472ce3688bfe5252df465a2ef8814937270e0","datavalue":{"value":"a priori estimates","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$B6A816D7-C672-40C4-A5FF-29E6D6915B33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"94df0eb4d2645a5925cc7692b5857222fbb222c4","datavalue":{"value":"gradient estimates","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$C6B6AD6D-1550-4473-BA97-6D0CB26D106F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$31C174E4-0902-4B07-BC83-FCEFD1759803","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b9fd6950fb353ed44d1970306ce0712c8c595083","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-006-0047-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$1DAF34F7-DC28-4E3C-8B89-18640519FDC6","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"950a87a4128f690ebf96cd81f44ba9496e32de8c","datavalue":{"value":"W2043475383","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$6E0FB330-E865-479C-8744-885BDF443933","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d852f354e688e50247ba0f2c39087224567e9e43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4790265,"id":"Q4790265"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$5BBF16C9-D144-4D24-AE2D-BAE20A0E1DFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c3d42533c8b4a4e43e57bdec7c52e72ede57704b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1309696,"id":"Q1309696"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$91154809-A372-4BEB-AE87-C36A5D4FD9A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c0f33e07d46830911353c30a98e998620bd1ee87","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5470615,"id":"Q5470615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$56845568-1560-408B-8EFD-B9FD4CAA1463","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5a7b81d3f185e4944033c317945abe4c4a9a8781","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4790261,"id":"Q4790261"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$05DA83C9-150D-479D-B9AD-707A842B9D5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cbe496d01777a81f768b28eaa7708194d4b2527f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3446841,"id":"Q3446841"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$69DCA203-3B14-4D39-BC8E-21EC85A5D319","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bfa29172fa7de7ac07fea006ded8baede5756855","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4705746,"id":"Q4705746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$C0FDA079-24C9-4F74-BBA8-9F798F195292","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"809e1758ce6551d85ff2579b4dd159a3caf60b7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5294661,"id":"Q5294661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$C461846E-5F20-44F3-9C5A-5504FB68025C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"77d03c1cc3a62c1fbdaf3f516693db65c745426a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3037911,"id":"Q3037911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$594BC75A-2AC1-4927-9AD5-1D4DA30867BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45930ceffad46cf2cd84b9f484b0c73e3f887af6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3156982,"id":"Q3156982"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$233136F6-DA4E-47DF-8FAF-C5F380388077","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18a52c11871e5153783c088cb8837d1efac97dcd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1392398,"id":"Q1392398"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$5B002782-C2B9-4D72-88E7-B4D8E1D1388F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"586ea1dc05a1339ad8a1688bcf7d2d2e9f59b4d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4377361,"id":"Q4377361"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$774E5A46-1221-4BE6-85D4-657531805223","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"97929e9331dc46cc4df622319fa2fec0f2b69e36","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00208-006-0047-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q877161$D65C3D33-6E52-4E31-80E7-04C14DD72EB8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"304f7b60ba07b693d7bbdd67db2f51076e7bc210","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2493825,"id":"Q2493825"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af58f34dc297c8379c6e10b0b3d066dcad7184ec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8457661867141724","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q877161$031984D6-5B73-4BBD-AC45-90335A3F7870","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a5e3b2aa896dcb1b7caaba20ab473db5ee6a07b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":935126,"id":"Q935126"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aba427241d4e588828e6c01770cecf4546a5a166","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8143789172172546","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q877161$7E814A2E-A293-4B91-810F-B6871EE2F6FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"194142e51c24ca63a47bb0382f0fbb7fc2c323ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3648200,"id":"Q3648200"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f031bb42055fa8dccc3b85b2d572a8b74e161066","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8094333410263062","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q877161$7A32C9E2-FD4C-4D2D-869C-E4F3FC0B6843","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"41a194b98989161967a3214d6d59f0cb4d60126c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4790261,"id":"Q4790261"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9930cc3a48160dfdb3dfabb5a1dcc682c55b9180","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7997349500656128","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q877161$683766EE-8847-4F9E-B70A-3E16F6C9F1E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15e62897537d63896128464052ba9fe323fb0bb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5317696,"id":"Q5317696"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"768362e8dfdf7ed2bb84fa48e986c77f8dad53db","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7984713315963745","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q877161$C4469AB7-9885-4180-8E1B-31423706AD91","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Gradient estimates for the Perona-Malik equation","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Gradient_estimates_for_the_Perona-Malik_equation"}}}}}