{"entities":{"Q878509":{"pageid":880357,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q878509","lastrevid":65069220,"modified":"2026-04-12T00:06:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q878509","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Log-convex solutions of the second order to the functional equation \\(f(x+1)=g(x)f(x)\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5146750"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$7A25AD81-77FE-40E9-A159-1D26824132C8","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"09d1f029ed3379d1e5f7482497c2302d60283962","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Log-convex solutions of the second order to the functional equation \\(f(x+1)=g(x)f(x)\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$F3AEC477-0FEC-4288-922F-40252447E014","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ffcb9e4f342e382581f366d1a96bcf0611b78150","datavalue":{"value":"1122.39017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$E1A5008E-9D90-4559-AC97-2215E912F079","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"94d7aae53709351b67ed0dbe7f875a6d1321f204","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178810,"id":"Q178810"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$9C22F7F1-D7B3-4C4F-985E-FB28E4D95159","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b9adf56972774047a4413d8cc0d3c8e3a6b21208","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":170589,"id":"Q170589"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$FB3C283B-5677-4625-8D20-0D3BCEAF3E3C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$0AB9EFE7-1520-46B5-B74F-0F2408AFB5FB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"018eb3d5a1529ba4d911dfe810dafc033402deeb","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-04-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$5BE3A4C2-A93D-412F-8550-74C9179FC204","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b152e1dcfe634f6da2f6679da99252b7b71ced55","datavalue":{"value":"It is quite plausible that some solutions of the functional equation  \\[ f(x+ 1)= g(x)\\,f(x)\\tag{1} \\]  are related to the solutions of the linear non-autonomous recurrence  \\[ y_{n+1}= g(n)\\,y_n,\\tag{2} \\]  interpreted as a point-map and/or as a difference equation. Studying limits of infinite products Euler considered the case \\(g(n)=(n+ 1)\\) and guessed that if \\(n\\) is restricted to positive integers, the solution of (2) is  \\[ y_n= \\prod^{n-1}_{m=0} (n- m)\\triangleq n!\\;(\\text{Fakult\u00e4t, factorial}).\\tag{3} \\]  It was also plausible that there is no unique extension of (3) if \\(n\\) is allowed to take real values. For analytical consistency Euler choosed the integral `imbedding'  \\[ n!= \\int^\\infty_0 e^{-z}\\cdot z^n\\cdot dz.\\tag{4} \\]  In 1814 Legendre introduced the notation \\(n!=\\Gamma(n+1)\\) [for a more detailed context see \\textit{N. Nielsen}, Handbuch der Theorie der Gammafunktion, Teubner, Leipzig, 326 p. (1906; JFM 37.0450.01)].  Using the same approach as Euler (limits of infinite products), but restricting severely the apparently free choice of \\(g(x)\\), the authors establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for a real-valued solution of (1) without constructing a usable explicit solution. It is thus not yet possible to determine whether and how this solution approaches (4) as \\(g(n)\\) is made to approach \\((n+ 1)\\). The study of (1) serves to classify log-convex functions according to their order. No other, practical significant application is claimed.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$D8346EAD-62FD-4F81-8718-39446F0F9761","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba7a0f626b40f2f0685d4ff8e04f6e3f86913be8","datavalue":{"value":"39B22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$DECC3AE6-8143-451E-BA96-3270F6BA9E02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"24ecfaa76bdf1f24dddaf5b52ce070d4bfb35c4f","datavalue":{"value":"33B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$FFACBDDC-14E2-43BD-A9C5-9BC34B22FF35","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3be797a69750e9d47b87a08131d6baa6965cb061","datavalue":{"value":"5146750","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$AB43F6FF-9AEA-4FB2-A3CB-5D3EA2A56ECA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a8c65c8dfd48ae09beb94673f0e837e9e90b33af","datavalue":{"value":"log-convex functions of higher order","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$5FC2C14F-1785-4065-91F3-4E05000908D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0e8aac4ca28ebf05acf22f3bb758803ebe01c8e2","datavalue":{"value":"gamma-type functional equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$88F9F739-046F-4369-8DB8-009CC2931D02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"596c0d7cbf5ecdb92ac349e86b696057a6a8f399","datavalue":{"value":"gamma-function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$A9CF276F-9592-4E95-9850-F43416FEAF99","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"9e7464270cfc06ea05786edb01d74ace4aab25df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1147407,"id":"Q1147407"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$21EC0824-4007-4F55-B05C-09156B5D02A3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$9F7F329A-5AFD-48FD-B777-B1F2FCD93799","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e62b3ebff1287b362a0a2bb69f6b29f3d5b2bb64","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.09.060","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$BBD4BC21-8FCB-4E63-85C5-3357E4CD4930","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"b45311d9fa57ffc95fa96fd0f6611f917b2ea6e2","datavalue":{"value":"W2031535987","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$85709295-BC0E-4782-B79A-0ECC707DD3DB","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e38b5f6d3a17297c0c7e746ac49bd5f4a1c9d55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5335464,"id":"Q5335464"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$AD30BAD2-BE70-46E2-A632-55856FD4C836","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc36f6e683bcbb85f20f7229bfccc53dbf5ae394","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5641324,"id":"Q5641324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$9CDF8CF3-014C-48DE-A3EA-B8BF7B413452","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bb3ae29f0baf59d1bb4d227445a0a48470f8852e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3218572,"id":"Q3218572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$46316F24-89A4-43FC-A128-F13F54787DD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00b905c44d5b91f94497a1e6d119170a68f3dfe2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4713402,"id":"Q4713402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$97A6E8C0-FDEF-4AB9-A93C-9849E36561F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f98ae31cb6d0ab549f2c2361eecff1638bb0dd12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4777548,"id":"Q4777548"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$E4946408-2A69-467F-9B39-AD34E0C2101F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"068e9d5423979740902d0d18cfcb00fcf05b34fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1359637,"id":"Q1359637"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$EBF64683-26A1-4A57-A6B4-283E2D5B435B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8795ad5f830eee87bc673a9bf5ca9ab38d2aeec8","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JMAA.2006.09.060","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q878509$2B63406E-0829-4F6C-9E8E-B28A722A83AA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fab04c8712461ddd5e80d98e9c010513dfe8b9f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5908460,"id":"Q5908460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0b14fa6f9c806334c99c3eaa2a71124084695297","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74517703","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$76B1EB50-A10F-4EA2-9392-BB5DCFB28832","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"607dbe894a3d327a258c8df226609246c0064687","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5909715,"id":"Q5909715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d5b8b542592209849f7b29e92f3bd67d14b07720","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7292532","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$6B762BB6-C3A7-4836-A8DD-E8BBF78AE079","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"be3dc9734571de397dbbaa3bd6c69055e3dac557","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3338322,"id":"Q3338322"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a45615aec794dde121b5050765cf0b84d6eb287","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72742665","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$640E1708-D234-4C26-AC87-87D9EA83F148","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e7c10c513b51113a648e56d96e31dc828566980","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2598897,"id":"Q2598897"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a8aaca27bd4b454b94d5c7c317471a7375275588","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72682023","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$9CA96263-3B7D-4DCF-8DA9-786CB622237E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5dacee271bafa1c10d71738593e56590cb9922f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1465743,"id":"Q1465743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f7290db5cd041b5af200041a2fa44b417369c45c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7244172","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$6BEBED20-B850-41CA-B990-EFE0A7CEAB87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ea46fd09def0e83369273a797ef33086eb3950d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1830807,"id":"Q1830807"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4108c5b826ad24869d8356d6b654536f34ca176e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72211313","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$BBC162AA-F7AC-4FBF-AB7F-46079D856445","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"69e20eb4ba4bd580849882855cc838c576c4eb82","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1503053,"id":"Q1503053"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6bff2d97da3a50fe094e7b1c2c4d32411cd36757","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7205532","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$85773AAB-A399-4437-88D1-C26DA1A2F340","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"71a3be20f98d751884bce943b563971144f6d577","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4345787,"id":"Q4345787"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c8ff73d43e5e170a02dd19b332d5bc38e7c134c8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7196305","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$C3105745-511A-4C75-8E00-BE80E26A75E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6924677150aa8f4770db8d489bd182d0594d205a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4898765,"id":"Q4898765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d85b296e4afe1c0b7f9969cb752e6ee1f390165","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7195256","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$937C8D8E-6AF5-482E-88AC-E7DB7A65FBB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e2fca710cab18e5675f5b5c5d6e54726ed73bb29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1551458,"id":"Q1551458"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a782b6f8e8e9f91901a5e3229f98aebd4215873","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7184175","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q878509$A8D6E894-7271-45A8-B834-5161D68B7B88","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Log-convex solutions of the second order to the functional equation \\(f(x+1)=g(x)f(x)\\)","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Log-convex_solutions_of_the_second_order_to_the_functional_equation_%5C(f(x%2B1)%3Dg(x)f(x)%5C)"}}}}}