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The requirements on such a class -- besides certain naturality and compatibility properties -- are that it should reproduce the Euler-Poincar\u00e9 charactersitic of the sheaf by some trace map and encode the ramification properties of the sheaf in an appropriate sense.  Let \\(\\Lambda \\) be a finite commutative \\(\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell \\)-algebra. The authors associate a class \\(C({\\mathcal F}) \\in H^0(X, {\\mathcal K}_X) \\) to any object in the derived category of complexes of \\(\\Lambda \\)-modules with finite tor-dimension on the \u00e9tale site of \\(X \\) with constructible cohomology. Here, \\({\\mathcal K}_X \\) is the dualizing complex on \\(X \\). The construction relies on a cohomological pairing due to Verdier for cohomological correspondences applied to the diagonal morphism. The relation to the Euler-Poincar\u00e9 characteristic is a consequence of the Lefschetz-Verdier trace formula.  As for the calculation of the class \\(C({\\mathcal F}) \\), the authors prove several compatibility properties. Consequently, the principal case to be understood is the computation of \\(C(j_! {\\mathcal F}) \\) for a smooth sheaf \\({\\mathcal F} \\) on an open dense smooth subscheme \\(j:U \\to X \\). This class is related to other exisiting ramification invariants as follows.  If \\(E \\) denotes a finite extension of \\(\\mathbb{Q}_\\ell \\), the construction induces a characteristic class \\(C({\\mathcal F}) \\) for any constructible \\(E \\)-sheaf on \\(X \\). The notion of a smooth sheaf \\({\\mathcal F} \\) on \\(U \\) to be potentially of Kummer type with respect to \\(X \\) is introduced and it is proven that the difference \\(C(j_! {\\mathcal F}) - rank {\\mathcal F} \\cdot C(j_! E) \\) equals the naive Swan class \\(Sw^{naive}({\\mathcal F}) \\in CH_0(X \\smallsetminus U)_E \\) as defined in [\\textit{K. Kato} and \\textit{T. Saito}, Ann. Math. (2) 168, No. 1, 33--96 (2008; Zbl 1172.14011)] for these sheaves. Here, \\(k \\) is assumed to be perfect. This result also reproduces the generalized Grothendieck-Ogg-Shafarevich formula of loc. cit.  If \\(\\Lambda \\) is a local \\(\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell \\) algebra, \\(X \\) smooth and \\(U \\) the complement of a divisor \\(D \\) with simple normal crossings, if additionally \\({\\mathcal F} \\) is of rank one and is clean with respect to \\(D \\), it is proven that the difference \\(C(j_! {\\mathcal F}) - C(j_! \\Lambda) \\) to be read in \\(H^{2d}(X, \\Lambda(d)) \\) equals the \\(0 \\)-cycle class \\(c_{{\\mathcal F}} \\) defined by \\textit{K. Kato} [Am. J. Math. 116, No. 4, 757--784 (1994; Zbl 0864.11057)]. In the proof, the authors introduce a new method to resolve the ramification of the sheaf by log blow-ups instead of using ramified coverings.  In a final chapter, a localized class \\(C_S^0({\\mathcal F}) \\) being a refinement of the characteristic class is constructed for \\(S \\subset X \\) a closed subscheme with dense complement \\(U \\) and such that the object \\({\\mathcal F} \\) in the derived category has smooth cohomology sheaves on \\(U 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