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In this paper, the authors develop a systematic study of the Schur tensor product both in the category of operator spaces and in that of \\(C^{*}\\)-algebras. If \\(V\\) and \\(W\\) are two operator spaces, the Schur tensor product of \\(V\\) and \\(W\\), denoted by \\(V\\otimes^{s}W\\), is the completion of the space \\(V\\otimes W\\) under the norm \\(\\|\\cdot\\|_{s}\\) defined as follows:  If \\(x=[x_{ij}]\\in M_{n}(V)\\) and \\(y=[y_{ij}]\\in M_{n}(W)\\), \\(x\\circ y\\) denotes the element \\([x_{ij}\\otimes y_{ij}]\\) of \\(M_{n}(V\\otimes W)\\). Then, since each element \\(u\\in M_{p}(V\\otimes W)\\), \\(p\\in \\mathbb{N}\\), can be written as  \\[ u=\\alpha (x\\otimes y)\\beta  \\]  for some \\(x\\in M_{n}(V)\\), \\(y\\in M_{n}(W)\\), \\(\\alpha\\in M_{p,n}\\) and \\(\\beta\\in M_{n,p}\\), \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N} \\), the authors define  \\[ \\| u\\|_{s} :=\\inf\\{\\|\\alpha\\|\\| x\\|\\| y\\|\\|\\beta\\|\\},  \\]  where the infimum is taken over arbitrary decompositions as above. Letting  \\[ V\\otimes_ {s}W:=(V\\otimes W,\\|\\cdot\\|_{s}), \\]  they prove that for two operator spaces \\(V, W\\) and for two operator algebras \\(X, Y\\), \\(\\|\\cdot\\|_{s}\\) is an operator space matrix norm on \\(V\\otimes W\\); \\(X\\otimes^{s}Y\\) is a Banach algebra, and under certain conditions a \\(^{*}\\)-algebra. They also introduce the notion of Schur bounded bilinear maps and show that the Schur tensor norm may be used to linearize them. Mainly, given operator spaces \\(V,W\\) and \\(Z\\), a bilinear map \\(\\varphi: V\\times W\\rightarrow Z\\) is said to be a Schur bounded bilinear map if the associated maps  \\[  \\varphi_{n}: M_{n}(V)\\times M_{n}(W)\\rightarrow M_{n^{2}}(Z), \\]  given by  \\[ \\varphi_{n}((v_{ij}),(w_{ij})):=(\\varphi(v_{ij},w_{ij})), \\,n\\in\\mathbb{N}, \\]  are uniformly bounded, and in this case they denote \\(\\|\\varphi\\|_{sb}=\\sup_{n}\\|\\varphi_{n}\\|\\). The authors also prove isometry or isomorphism between some spaces of Schur bounded bilinear maps and some spaces of completely bounded linear maps. Among other main results, there is the completely isometric isomorphism  \\[ V\\otimes^{s}W=^{cb}W\\otimes^{s}V. \\]  After defining a new tensor norm, denoted by \\(\\|\\cdot\\|_{s'}\\), which leads to important information about the dual of the Schur tensor norm, the authors deal with various other norms which are equivalent to the Schur tensor 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