{"entities":{"Q902050":{"pageid":903898,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q902050","lastrevid":42755342,"modified":"2025-07-10T10:57:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q902050","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On incomplete Gaussian sums"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6527073"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$1DC173A3-6420-4EAB-B60B-A8099FD2359A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"8b06a6d52fee525354183fbfe700439fd7bf5dac","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On incomplete Gaussian sums","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$F064FC98-1BA5-4A0C-9E09-29AC293E3AEE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5278b17c642d4319fb8ff2a38ce3881837819f20","datavalue":{"value":"1329.11084","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$3420D646-3EDE-4F8E-83A1-A2FAC50B8AC6","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e822b6b621bdc1e1e6ba1fc495707d14fff66285","datavalue":{"value":"10.1134/S008154381506005X","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$7FD14148-C5CB-45C7-A5E8-B49DC57876C1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ca255400082700b77a2846935b2a6e3b98322dbb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":268122,"id":"Q268122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$62E460DE-7F12-41D7-B6E5-3340A857F7B8","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"52ab463cca8ead400441fcc2b4fac1f6fbb55915","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":251486,"id":"Q251486"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$6824412B-86FA-482D-B189-C3E55FD45D27","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8ee4b5b4fe49e6c76e054339063b302c9f6ef1f6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-01-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$BD0BFCCA-FF94-42BA-A94E-8297DF4754DB","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"bbaa6e9ef4f9089daa08eddad1f445dbdad57756","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(x\\) be a real number such that \\(0 <x< 1\\), and let \\(N\\geq 1\\) be an integer. The author defines the following Gaussian sums  \\[ S_2(x;N)=\\mathop{{\\sum}'}_{\\nu=0}^{N}e^{\\pi ix(\\nu-0.5)^2},\\quad S_3(x;N)=\\mathop{{\\sum}'}_{\\nu=0}^{N}e^{\\pi ix\\nu^2},\\quad S_4(x;N)=\\mathop{{\\sum}'}_{\\nu=0}^{N}(-1)^{\\nu}e^{\\pi ix\\nu^2}, \\]  where the prime means that the first and last terms of the sums are halved. It is known that in the case of rational \\(x = a/q\\), \\((a, q)=1\\), and integer \\(N \\leq q\\),  \\[ S_j\\left(\\frac{a}{ q},N\\right)=O(\\sqrt{q})\\qquad (j=2,3,4), \\]  but in some cases this estimate is needed with an explicit constant.  Theorem. Let \\(q\\), \\(a\\), and \\(N\\) be integers such that \\(1 \\leq a, N \\leq q\\) and \\((a, q)=1\\). Then the Gaussian sums \\(S_j (a/q; N)\\), \\(j = 2, 3, 4\\), satisfy the estimates  \\[ \\left|S_j\\left(\\frac{a}{ q},N\\right)\\right|\\leq 3.5254\\sqrt{q}. \\]  Corollary. Let \\(q\\), \\(a\\), and \\(N\\) be integers such that \\(1 \\leq a, N \\leq q\\) and \\((a, q)=1\\). Then  \\[ \\left|\\sum_{\\nu=1}^{N}e^{2\\pi ia\\nu^2/q}\\right|\\leq < 3.9071\\sqrt{q}. \\]  The proof refines earlier works of \\textit{G. H. Hardy} and \\textit{J. E. Littlewood} [Acta Math. 37, 155--191, 193--239 (1914; JFM 45.0305.03)], \\textit{J. G. van der Corput} [Math. Ann. 87, 39--65 (1922; JFM 48.0181.01)], \\textit{I. M. Vinogradov} [Char\u012dkov, Comm. Soc. Math. (2) 16, 10--38 (1918; JFM 48.1352.03)], etc.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$D511ACB9-785A-46C3-8FF0-934792D27F83","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"32494b0387ecef582c576b70f796e71640dc537e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":518095,"id":"Q518095"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$36420823-8AA6-4761-9E39-820E929E1B0C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6ad3000e766f35ee7c20ebe1be8367e129650e33","datavalue":{"value":"11L05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$9F84B579-36BA-4F79-B83D-B5D3BCCD4633","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0bd3164026a18f54cc36c8663eb65c75738e9992","datavalue":{"value":"6527073","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$3FDA254F-7B54-4714-9B91-078554043774","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"666331c68fb2627fceac25825e506138b40f16d4","datavalue":{"value":"Gaussian sums","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$7C8C296E-0FA6-423F-8F99-E3E02833DB3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cd3410034a9506fc7bcf942f939897cb4a28eaab","datavalue":{"value":"Poisson summation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$B0142911-73B3-4DF9-A809-B4D7A0F1E1D6","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$B06B5DF4-8A56-4410-AD33-ABA4EDE32B62","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fdbd771a618d202f69c95e3b8c32670548135e55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4479987,"id":"Q4479987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$01C06377-8088-4E6D-B91B-224F59137BFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"10726ca7f558b58c1b140d12adca7a93409fb7a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4754858,"id":"Q4754858"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$E153F6C8-B76B-4314-A749-3B741569DAD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"37b41b6939d67986a8af17eca3937e774985eefe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3866177,"id":"Q3866177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$95C8C762-0F62-47A9-8F3A-8945CE1CCF0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d7304e375fc943806b9153f672390379872e25d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1104965,"id":"Q1104965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$237D3E20-4364-4C8A-842B-CC5CC68EE239","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7790adf15cd4b570de6780fb823b87afdecccb5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5439928,"id":"Q5439928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$8B02EAF0-3441-443A-95A7-F58543CEFEA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"29b4706248ff28bb9eb447ac711d0b11d106da9f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4065609,"id":"Q4065609"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$F6A8FCB0-7D0D-47B4-8319-FD4A6B07A672","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0838ad6c61dcd02015bb0989a4fb8ec9158be4b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3351457,"id":"Q3351457"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$77603478-AADA-436A-9780-1287CB39370B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0a1426d586a8901c62567007fbf2f1f6ff86659b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5523061,"id":"Q5523061"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$2B2544AD-7FB1-48C7-9379-C0D56D349BEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"116d713085693bbe9d2e7fbd72e4a8df18968b5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4115202,"id":"Q4115202"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q902050$608A59C7-CB6D-4C1E-B76A-EA9837CB1B61","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"34e32f45326584777ac50ec45d4a6a76f7662f85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4272284,"id":"Q4272284"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2e2da6c53f5a750999d81de2cca7409b6fb04c6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+1.0000002","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$0B726C45-5252-4278-89DD-B210EF20E9AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9796009a8ec4a32091f04949b7ed87ea639937ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4897048,"id":"Q4897048"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2e2da6c53f5a750999d81de2cca7409b6fb04c6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+1.0000002","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$9B927F8D-9E00-469B-98D6-833B5D8D37B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c5a509f80cc085a8bf8d61fc5ed0a1a4a3e40f60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":556281,"id":"Q556281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d4fc7f9c111880716e7451fd189bf0abbb4e722","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.94666713","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$814F745E-BEC8-4499-A3E1-4C97DFC0D491","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"07a65d88ddbf270843fe1d6c6a0c47e1e20d1004","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1399334,"id":"Q1399334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f56721baad42969b596de9d3e1e0f18819a3f6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.94187504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$36A7F9A2-3911-49F2-84B3-2DBA9F1FBC34","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9de5645ff8cb445baf8cc0487f72c8a912c4478c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3351457,"id":"Q3351457"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fd3a42396dfe6b7ad63039d5ca01654688565fa4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9407384","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$2C84356B-2948-4705-A7C3-3D69367F75C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ee39252f929313c4cb8a755e25fb3d96b69a3438","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5326090,"id":"Q5326090"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d350947476d7abdd073d8b0e3e389d7aad1af45","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9359851","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$F0230420-6555-43A0-A64C-F3070D65527F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e65a5a84e9f44f87e9d1394014428346e4edf8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":343557,"id":"Q343557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df0960cdcfd1aa263487021b750a450daf8da564","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9334744","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$4E02EFF3-0787-4E30-AC4E-C07152CDFD68","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4a793d000061679e74c7e11f18fcc79f4a2b4c3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3348071,"id":"Q3348071"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a0640162342fecc4bdb0244316cca274556300de","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9313741","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$9B3C6498-17E6-443A-AEF3-AE0F7E30E377","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"645e2bf17f81bb484d91b1dd8396c06429757532","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5239542,"id":"Q5239542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"77b94a59b1197ae522150322134f7d6baf1e750f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9271307","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q902050$93F13B1A-1279-4657-AE14-6953172A884D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:902050","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:902050"}}}}}