{"entities":{"Q911247":{"pageid":913095,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q911247","lastrevid":65290116,"modified":"2026-04-12T01:34:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q911247","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Binary search trees of almost optimal height"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4141470"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$1DCC537E-9EA1-48FB-8EA2-D57EE8CA59E0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ebbc7afa85c45b67a08e1734e77f13b53b8b599e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Binary search trees of almost optimal height","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$B0D1DDA3-0DBD-46CC-847E-941634E42FDF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c70dfa63b48f7e2d6de833580e572448e09b364d","datavalue":{"value":"0696.68029","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$8549B0F2-52A6-489B-BED4-88C0E00F09AC","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f104e91bdfc2139fbec460dd654a547f2e613b6c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01237235","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$0BDB96E6-16E1-48B4-B565-ABAFC1AE682D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c5832f8876614de1887b6fff71a1066143db327e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":786129,"id":"Q786129"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$9F76F518-F333-4AED-B785-701A5AF16D50","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7d0f02e85530cd06ceb2c58a40dc9c2e0258e194","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161641,"id":"Q161641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$E97E5A17-D875-494C-9D82-0F51B0E5B640","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$BFC9DA1A-0936-4C7C-831A-A0093C911B49","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8cf7ae218e809016f8bf8ad66dfc6253af136063","datavalue":{"value":"First we present a generalization of symmetric binary B-trees, SBB(k)- trees. The obtained structure has a height of only \\(\\lceil (1+\\frac{1}{k})\\log (n+1)\\rceil\\), where k may be chosen to be any positive integer. The maintenance algorithms require only a constant number of rotations per updating operation in the worst case. These properties together with the fact that the structure is relatively simple to implement makes it a useful alternative to other search trees in practical applications.    Then, by using an SBB(k)-tree with a varying k we achieve a structure with a logarithmic amortized cost per update and a height of log n\\(+o(\\log n)\\). This result is an improvement of the upper bound on the height of a dynamic binary search tree. By maintaining two trees simultaneously the amortized cost is transformed into a worst-case cost. Thus, we have improved the worst-case complexity of the dictionary problem.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$519624E0-5865-4295-BF83-44FA646759BB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"14cf74de25853c940589b125137b792dfb2d092b","datavalue":{"value":"68P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$0A7803D9-A674-4476-AED7-8EB5CE650084","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fdd9498216d1fd2eff80e5a7d18782b649eb7b2f","datavalue":{"value":"68Q25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$AC401460-5C8F-413D-A713-8AEDAE8EB657","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3f97694d44af155a68434cb72eabc6a4d5dd5227","datavalue":{"value":"68P10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$78616F64-E6EA-4C83-AEA3-C52638F17FD8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d6617e4b975f3180c2ac58b560c7d06f4c38b347","datavalue":{"value":"4141470","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$FE89F259-2631-4C01-BE93-46BDFEAFE336","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e22f3a113575edfbd123e335487b18a37bfe2d4f","datavalue":{"value":"binary search trees","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$78F8211B-E2A5-478B-8E3D-28790FA0DF52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"817f91d754a6618dd027e0d851a1fc8b7cbc7134","datavalue":{"value":"upper bound","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$0F804EF3-8F8F-4635-8CAC-8A9FE324C9CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c5f8382ba04f9f05f645b4d0e4b9ea28f0619583","datavalue":{"value":"complexity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$B8D59E90-B7E7-4C46-9DCF-929D005581A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"40371d844b311ca1240059f35e0d10f31534620d","datavalue":{"value":"dictionary problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$8402B6BE-9D35-4A5D-BFB1-91A48F0BFAAF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$CE499CD6-E6A0-41B0-8EB5-E8823BD81D84","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b59b9a95c5ede48fa66f5efb685b30e863d99e05","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3948568,"id":"Q3948568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$4416AE44-06B9-46F6-99CD-8B320F6D23CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d4a4b9328aeaa198621796249011494635ff553","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2551313,"id":"Q2551313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$1E7E4A63-4D27-439F-AA3A-8C47E8E93B6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef146def2d585ff66e37bf85e5bd822184c47a27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2549238,"id":"Q2549238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$F08E7701-8A09-4A57-ADC0-31BB558CC87D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35d51f618786ffe15b4cd1284eebc21b52c6ebf4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3816955,"id":"Q3816955"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$A7C1D9C4-C724-40E4-A165-8678B5EA2C53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b7efdb041bf277dfbc08d64bdeccc29cc7b66df1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5637873,"id":"Q5637873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$46284E5B-221C-4922-9F4C-BC1BC94A2864","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22511f95396fb3d679548a0de114180f8cdadacc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1236885,"id":"Q1236885"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$B805E8CC-1F08-4676-BBE0-04E3F08C1B80","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cdc80085f51274788196b5be4e7f9615585e8b2f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3678686,"id":"Q3678686"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$EB21BDB5-249D-4FDA-9BBE-B3F8A1D5ED9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e37bb3fcdb01eab86b5965d3e2e5e4cd4b4a245f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5678421,"id":"Q5678421"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$1D301B09-D8A8-408D-8C19-6E217D698952","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a7faabaedce421d0e920e5386492cfb1faf613a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1133900,"id":"Q1133900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$48B81053-C3DB-41BA-A758-1BDA45B72272","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5f01a3b1cd85ee91f1ac16b7190f6369a6c2f582","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3951559,"id":"Q3951559"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$8A771F45-2357-4094-97CB-05CB107A9B54","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b78813f49cc1a75016ef9439bb264fcda172fc2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4032924,"id":"Q4032924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$43CBA9AC-24C0-4239-AEBC-8A279798DE98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1cd1462286ac5df294dbd58d9be71779e0279c3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":797269,"id":"Q797269"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$BCFEC0A3-B5E0-463F-8E79-8E605557D9EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e28b58e066082c2adb9c917ab6e22597516be17","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1838042,"id":"Q1838042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$8CB81F8F-8DB3-4533-BBEC-1D3287F89437","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1942211965a375c245bc762050fec529ebd034ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1168743,"id":"Q1168743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$750D5255-73F7-44C8-9C0E-CD4AB8BE2111","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a2d21a672b23726337a742674f0662342905eb2b","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01237235","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$7156735F-CD2F-4996-A329-27EE0FF5FB8A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a8a38cb2bb38a0aa3663a19720f338b5339a5522","datavalue":{"value":"W1971131533","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q911247$E8EA003B-1431-4B0E-BAF2-F3FFBA709971","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"668e0f4becd6fbbfb0f26651d57d1d55460fa705","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5906917,"id":"Q5906917"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92e648162661596efb0246d2918233376e9c187a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.95495605","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$4874B6FA-0DF4-4DFC-AE2F-71C475CC9D4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9a630402892a6794f3b83a6c52ff909d5b93dcc4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5903763,"id":"Q5903763"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92e648162661596efb0246d2918233376e9c187a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.95495605","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$ABFE845A-7449-475A-B54D-0F51303E4224","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5b3e91d3aea4f45801fc3d6041ea7bac7d702e71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3801088,"id":"Q3801088"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"264667d6fd3831047deb765e0acf3d7b5d3e5a27","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.94234324","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$EA5EBE8D-6E4C-4423-A242-D3606B4E58CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"535fd2d34730d723c7149154f23610943fa7de28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3644717,"id":"Q3644717"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3fef07765c9397bb4681e0bedb3dff08dce227b4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9320444","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$C866D2CB-66A2-4392-A49C-4802143DA266","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"120fceafb17bf84cf601512a658e208f9518917e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3990603,"id":"Q3990603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ab56b3adc4b67c49cea01a5c0532746362bd4d6c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9310038","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$CBC03304-98BB-4EE5-B002-235A30FD0385","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c5be1ce00a0cbb77016028d3da8c5abb54d0fb19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1840504,"id":"Q1840504"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d60e97d26220b0a3d6ad58b8d5415bbd2bf4bb5f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91768396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$0111DC69-91E1-4DD7-A99B-B14DA41D115D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"44d8f614c3b99b88e24ef0ab41842e25327173cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":293336,"id":"Q293336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5a727cd7eeb07f82ff851c7a001f88aa874a5994","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91592205","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$F8EE8A40-9508-459A-B8A5-7C154F37F1EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3a3cd3526f37e2249da0c5a751afe8c2bcd2f371","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4327425,"id":"Q4327425"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac83ce1833811cbc6b84c7ede19c7f3d0da409f6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9152104","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$EAC8527B-62A3-4B76-9FA8-F99EDE81198E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b620b2e03ae07ffaaa6b4cb98f86a78174bf4925","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4331192,"id":"Q4331192"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bdd815f40c8154c22e749625cf7170c07921baf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91249686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$AFEEFE54-B12D-450D-94CA-E306D39B1E8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6725a7fdf864143886496ec4ee4e2142cd8bf459","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3521940,"id":"Q3521940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7104421671096832fd633d2c3f08aa57144e17d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9111792","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q911247$720BE2B1-7F45-4D86-A93E-66B476B9537D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Binary search trees of almost optimal height","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Binary_search_trees_of_almost_optimal_height"}}}}}