{"entities":{"Q913307":{"pageid":915155,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q913307","lastrevid":49378294,"modified":"2026-01-07T01:40:33Z","type":"item","id":"Q913307","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On certain homotopy-homomorphic elements of \\(\\pi _{n+1}(X)\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4147097"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$BFFBD78A-C24A-4563-92EB-0D4F3C09E33B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"61db6b9c3b5fc6333133eb0541d651bbb6b43c39","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On certain homotopy-homomorphic elements of \\(\\pi _{n+1}(X)\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$559A425B-98AB-4BBE-9A62-33A777534D53","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a01171eebd811ddb579935686e3fd37da5fff370","datavalue":{"value":"0699.55008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$C4FBEFCD-90EF-4D21-B4CC-A4494946DB3E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"402d0b0ab0735a4efb086eda8c0f16b0418e3fbb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":913306,"id":"Q913306"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$F5B73E92-F6B1-4944-ADBA-FA9C1F1E89BB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3f6c7b78c5b27fc48ae0a7d3dd3bb661f120eab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168532,"id":"Q168532"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$48EFC7CC-4D6C-4193-B038-4E7A817707F4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$C1F045C7-715C-43D5-B358-FF8C415414C9","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a6bf9e5ef0a8ac1bbdafb05ad2f691dfd8b15534","datavalue":{"value":"Let X be a topological space with a base point \\(x_ 0\\) and let \\(\\Omega(X)\\) be the loop space of X at \\(x_ 0\\). We give \\(\\Omega(X)\\) the constant loop at \\(x_ 0\\) as a base point. As is well-known there exists an isomorphism: \\(\\pi_{n+1}(X)\\to \\pi_ n(\\Omega X)\\). We identify elements of these groups by this isomorphism. Now let a, b be given integers and \\(\\mu: S^ n\\times S^ n\\to S^ n\\) be a map of type (a,b), i.e. such that \\(\\mu(x,*)\\) and \\(\\mu(*,y)\\) are maps \\(S^ n\\to S^ n\\) of degree a and b respectively. We call an element \\(\\alpha\\) of \\(\\pi_{n+1}(X)\\) a \\(\\mu\\)-homomorphic element (or to be \\(\\mu\\)-homomorphic) if and only if \\(\\alpha(\\mu(x,y))= \\omega(\\alpha (m_ a(x))\\), \\(\\alpha (m_ b(y)))\\), where \\(\\omega\\) denotes the usual multiplication in \\(\\Omega\\) (X) and \\(m_ a\\) is a map: \\(S^ n\\to S^ n\\) of degree a (in fact \\(m_ a(x)= \\mu(x,*)).\\)    In this note our purpose is to find an obstruction for determining whether an element is \\(\\mu\\)-homomorphic. As a result we prove Theorem 1. For an element \\(\\alpha\\) of \\(\\pi_{n+1}(X)\\), \\(\\alpha\\) is \\(\\mu\\)- homomorphic if and only if \\(\\alpha_*(c(\\mu))=0\\) where \\(c(\\mu)\\) denotes the Hopf construction as defined by \\textit{I. M. James} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 63, 191-247 (1956; Zbl 0071.170)].    An analogous problem has been considered in case of \\(\\pi_ 3(G)\\) for compact connected Lie groups G and \\((a,b)=(1,1)\\) by \\textit{H. Takahashi} [``Homomorphisms from \\(S^ 3\\) to compact Lie groups up to homotopy'', Bull. Nagaoka Univ. Tech. (to appear)]. Our obstruction defines a correspondence \\(\\chi: \\pi_ n(\\Omega (X))\\to \\pi_{2n}(\\Omega(X))\\). This correspondence \\(\\chi\\) is not necessarily homomorphic. We prove Theorem 2. \\(\\chi\\) is homomorphic if \\(\\Omega(X)\\) is a homotopy commutative Hopf space under the usual multiplication.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$D7A76506-84DD-4C7B-ACB5-A4BE33FB2E44","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c43a3023df7ca1673f610da59eca083ba2ff49d","datavalue":{"value":"55Q05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$E35C3CBA-59C6-4122-8D98-4639D82E0D75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"cfafb14b6a1d38e5371d5825cb5d45fdb92ceef3","datavalue":{"value":"55P45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$586CCDFE-86DB-434D-9FB1-B5DCB5A2D9E8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"098758693f591aacc86c542af748a094ac815f7b","datavalue":{"value":"4147097","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$FFAA1C73-E39F-46A7-A890-13B25DF5F8F7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"13a5357800d9b1f59f6f8578e128070bcc48994d","datavalue":{"value":"loop space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$D677A432-896D-49CB-8CAC-11823639479A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"74725327d8b690ce13e95ee0f33ddabba62dc057","datavalue":{"value":"Hopf construction","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$34C700E2-CBFB-43E8-8618-16EA2D216D86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c799f52653e600cbcc2484d4470d1a953fed7844","datavalue":{"value":"homotopy commutative Hopf space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$E0DA6DC1-C041-4945-80AC-F5392A6C1C04","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"4b485ce375f37018fcb870932fdc36b7fca933a8","datavalue":{"value":"Q122241231","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$26146FDA-84C8-4F42-9403-D01E298D58A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$01929C77-B63D-4598-BCC7-075733039BA7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"175bdb3b28af5f48fede15c49702001eb4ca267d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.66.137","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$7E769B34-5B5E-48A2-897C-CCF26D85F4A7","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1c73eaf889734fa0afc08bc723bbe9ad25eafea2","datavalue":{"value":"W1996117544","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$0E56D1EC-C81C-47D4-B59E-D392BCDFF911","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2dee7e9277dfbb419ec0a53e093d8a9281c776af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2653650,"id":"Q2653650"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$C521F4C5-8113-484A-AA6B-C333937D3392","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"590bfccf4b376b2457559f4a6676a133dd4360eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":767428,"id":"Q767428"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$CA7D50CE-017E-42CD-ACDC-11CCD6F04761","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b1e60bcb318a54c561323259c1b01dc055722bb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4192669,"id":"Q4192669"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$44998A76-756F-431D-8E23-C00EFDF5FDEF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"b88bfc25e0cda35cf604e21615184e7c545a8537","datavalue":{"value":"10.3792/PJAA.66.137","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q913307$09CBD766-31AE-4DC1-9402-F9B5E345D8B0","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46a10cdc97d15602cee49b56f260e6b483b09272","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4883757,"id":"Q4883757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"70fed7dfc0d94f2270b5c4ac6e155cdc20333430","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7856993079185486","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q913307$8167F073-E64C-469C-906F-5F01F3A2A403","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fca3e5dec6d84066c0b070f8c4d68a07b8e018c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3312933,"id":"Q3312933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5d6f668993811a409b3005ecbab9557ef462605f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.785699188709259","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q913307$0BF4001B-02F3-4761-A48B-80048EB8BAA3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e33bdd9e3f542f30f84039d9e48f527e8e341cfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4839908,"id":"Q4839908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18071c90d3955e87cd51211249e090a8b8aefae4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7689066529273987","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q913307$E2253693-D93E-4B83-B91B-40F7D0970C36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"92a515c6845113b0a9a138f37d52312c586d1800","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4807950,"id":"Q4807950"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4906b39ca069d3e4a727a25fb6549b88e4c25056","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7686927914619446","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q913307$2780482A-CFEE-4F21-8EC5-2A20182AAE58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"84842fe048712efc83e8466a905bd6e4e6435a40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4935768,"id":"Q4935768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"345a3e78991377258e7a82b838a68102e99d4f41","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7388747334480286","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q913307$5CCF63B4-D53F-463C-ACF7-A226D0417E4F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:913307","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:913307"}}}}}