{"entities":{"Q914145":{"pageid":915993,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q914145","lastrevid":65339301,"modified":"2026-04-12T01:53:58Z","type":"item","id":"Q914145","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The saddle point property in Hamiltonian systems"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4149016"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$793FFEE5-0149-47C0-9F13-F1140EA715F1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"82572d0e1518e6bb1fca24597389679341fbe6e9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The saddle point property in Hamiltonian systems","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$00B03D27-AE67-404A-AD58-FE9A769F1238","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"1ff44aaa722715567fb4f262d6de9ae5dfee0839","datavalue":{"value":"0701.49030","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$C7CC7D85-1544-446A-928A-64D54016925D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"974465bfef58e30218e8fca51dfa4a0e36db1a43","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-247X(90)90037-G","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$4A5C8CF0-8E1C-44DE-BFE5-06B1A91980B3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6395c4701209a74417db556fa5885b7c0763d945","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175126,"id":"Q175126"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$B2B71BD4-71A5-422B-8B77-215639771ECC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$3B86EA2B-13E0-49EF-B4C1-8635E1FE3A31","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$F55D442B-09A5-41B2-8EB8-F390D393D629","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"dab840db37889d3812d7dbd38498a0c4a5360de1","datavalue":{"value":"We consider optimal control problems which are autonomous except for a time dependent discount factor. Pontrjagin's maximum principle states that the optimal state and costate trajectories are solutions to an autonomous system of differential equations in (modified) Hamiltonian form. Under the assumption that a stationary solution of this system exists and that it has a stable manifold of maximal dimension, we derive local curvature properties of the Hamiltonian function at the stationary state. In particular, we show that a generalized curvature matrix is negative definite provided that the discount rate is zero or that the stationary state satisfies a symmetry condition. A geometrical interpretation of this result is given in terms of the convex-concave structure of the Hamiltonian function. Two examples show that the symmetry condition cannot be omitted from the theorem but that it is satisfied in some problems arising in optimal economic growth theory.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$621359AC-A61F-405B-8256-47F6A8DB545C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"18d3ff98a6b36ff583aa8db8acc5f9669058d6c6","datavalue":{"value":"49K15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$E5212AB3-3662-444C-9C5C-7F5BD3B1D037","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3d9efc5edd9940138bba54fd2dcb7e91029d8fcc","datavalue":{"value":"91B62","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$ECFCFB09-01D9-4503-A966-0CB19ADEF084","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"612740434dbf69a2750ebfbce2a12df17151c7ec","datavalue":{"value":"4149016","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$6DF8FA7E-A8DA-4F7B-8B24-567CE11CAB51","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e50c9bea91d7a4dae4af9c82e18a12995a4819ae","datavalue":{"value":"conditional stability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$BF7CEBE4-6DD3-4103-A533-BB5782A3BAA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5e01dabfd29a1419b136a3d17c108cff2be6c727","datavalue":{"value":"Pontrjagin's maximum principle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$E0C0C802-48FB-433D-838F-871454108ABF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1e331ad0b305ea033ca41fec71f1e1703b418597","datavalue":{"value":"Hamiltonian function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$6CD6B7D4-C469-416B-929A-EA81219B9F02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06a73fe4d0e4a4991052520186c366642cac7b5b","datavalue":{"value":"convex-concave structure","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$FEEDA88D-4151-45AD-BCDB-A520DBA210EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9455459a1d58466cb2894245914f8cb24fa1fdde","datavalue":{"value":"optimal economic growth theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$236FF2C1-8F91-494F-800C-4DE6E3AAFAB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$C57225DE-974A-452D-BF11-5CD35DFE969B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2cf48e708a372551ccf54ccee67cf1d697280445","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1251580,"id":"Q1251580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$E4EB4F65-3B0F-4270-A8AE-EB907E6FBBC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcfe047cbce216504a95e5bf28bc0a15d54a30ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":998253,"id":"Q998253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$5AB5ED5F-339B-43D9-88D7-6B189E1DC96F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3c478925947bf42a240634bb7a28ac2093d76d93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2556575,"id":"Q2556575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$F18DD3A8-64A1-4DA7-AB99-B0518CF55EDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4299ae5549e7604f69f083490ba5ff22686e9f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1262192,"id":"Q1262192"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$957D8572-6767-4F08-AE0E-AFF6DB0249F6","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"13bec3b13ff9d5c25f33ad8de3b7c814e4c231db","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(90)90037-g","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$0DA817D2-90F4-4E67-85F7-E07971142E33","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"275c1f354751ac3e9600fac2ed81a45af9964f98","datavalue":{"value":"W2074146968","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q914145$DB9C105C-BF75-4E14-8290-1A800B64E075","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b1b9e6a2851c3ee6da87132956852c0fa5a3ee2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1111448,"id":"Q1111448"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f71e509a9738df07cc0a0ebd9052d2d4a041d56","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8089026808738708","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q914145$6ACFC1F2-3892-4043-82A5-902E2E29375F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dd1b65a09c6ca312ebc7cac88de2d198aef5508b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5388535,"id":"Q5388535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e7fae0b0872e8b09232910bb64dcaed9fc563cfe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8071627020835876","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q914145$8A04E627-6D3C-4963-81A0-DE02A81823BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c839da364292bf5e5d684b7a09369454952d0f95","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2378014,"id":"Q2378014"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7636cc590108a56eb123a1db8724a4f591202156","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8028379678726196","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q914145$81E806BB-FA21-475D-816E-669824E40EE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a5868adedbae168b6c9b3cd8a03e998b70b0ea4c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1321140,"id":"Q1321140"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"914a63070206b4b14761e78cc028650a0624a4c7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7813712358474731","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q914145$AF7F17EF-477F-478B-A4E1-C5DC51429C41","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dda489c7611ce3fd5b32954b390e621103201998","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5925723,"id":"Q5925723"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"85ab22d31071b40c974c0b9c9aa0eee11b64c243","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7678057551383972","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q914145$298B0D9E-A7F9-44D0-A891-9A0106CE3F61","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The saddle point property in Hamiltonian systems","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_saddle_point_property_in_Hamiltonian_systems"}}}}}