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A signature homomorphism \\(\\ell: {\\bar \\Gamma}^{m,n}\\to Q\\) is defined, where \\(\\Gamma^{m,n}\\) is a certain family of classes of pairs as above restricted by several algebraic topological conditions, and \\({\\bar \\Gamma}{}^{m,n}\\) consists of classes of those pairs for which a multiple (under connected sum) is in \\(\\Gamma^{m,n}\\). The author proves the following properties:   a) \\(\\ell\\) is additive with respect to connected sums.    b) \\(\\ell\\) extends the knot signature defined on the abelian group \\(\\theta^{m,n}\\) of h-cobordism classes of pairs \\((S^ m,K)\\) for homotopy spheres K.    Three applications are given:   1) The group \\(I(M,F)=\\{(S^ m,K)|\\) (M,F){\\#}(S\\({}^ m,K)\\cong (M,F)\\}\\) is finite for (M,F)\\(\\in {\\bar \\Gamma}^{n,m}\\), but there is an example of a pair with I(M,F) infinite. This shows in particular that \\(\\ell\\) satisfying a), b) cannot be defined for all pairs.    2) Splittings of Levine's exact sequence  \\[  0\\quad \\to \\quad {\\mathbb{Z}}\\quad \\to \\quad \\theta^{m,n}\\quad \\to \\quad \\pi_ n(G_{n-m},So_{n- m})\\quad \\to \\quad o  \\]      for \\(n+1\\equiv o(4)\\) are discussed.    3) Examples of L-equivalence classes of triples (\\(\\Sigma\\),T,F) are discussed, where T is an involution on a homotopy sphere \\(\\Sigma^ m\\) with oriented fixed point set \\(F^ n\\). Infinite order elements are detected by the signature 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