{"entities":{"Q919437":{"pageid":921285,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q919437","lastrevid":65385684,"modified":"2026-04-12T02:13:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q919437","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Characterizations of the spectral radius of positive operators"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4160953"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$B648E6A9-DB9B-45E2-BB58-BB1C80700ED1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b610eb6d58bd0e150e0326e48895d75db0bdf2c1","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Characterizations of the spectral radius of positive operators","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$2454C93A-AC32-4B36-B644-21A3E6E3276A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"75cacb4fc19baaeaf60531498e798274b2e06e1b","datavalue":{"value":"0707.15005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$4562E34F-D707-4A92-ADE8-8A5424B25115","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"de5afb375e0846b09ad780067177b234e19bd58f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0024-3795(90)90008-Z","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$C368F296-A84B-4392-8C58-B7DB1EAFEC95","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fb8d03a1cb641c5e672713d8a741c39c10de5a0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":586373,"id":"Q586373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$41E5CB28-11CB-4AFC-805A-02AE6BD2D152","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$D6852A51-B4D6-468B-891A-626AF8B66D7F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$DF5B5713-477D-4537-9773-6A5DED56003B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"38aaee385f7dfee81917f0108daf36c8d117e14f","datavalue":{"value":"The characterization of the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue \\(\\rho\\) (A) of an irreducible non-negative \\(n\\times n\\) matrix A given by \\textit{H. Wielandt} [Math. Z. 52, 642-648 (1950; Zbl 0035.291)] states  \\[  \\rho (A)=\\max_{x>0} \\min_{1\\leq i\\leq n}\\frac{(Ax)_ i}{x_ i}=\\min_{x>0} \\max_{1\\leq i\\leq n}\\frac{(Ax)_ i}{x_ i}.  \\]  It was shown by \\textit{J. E. Cohen} and the author [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 93, 205- 211 (1985; Zbl 0527.15008)] that this characterization can be regarded as a consequence of the game-theoretic inequality \\(\\inf_{x} \\sup_{y} \\psi \\geq \\sup_{x} \\inf_{y} \\psi\\). The same idea is used here to extend the characterizations of \\textit{G. Birkhoff} and \\textit{R. S. Varga} [J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 6, 354-377 (1958; Zbl 0086.233)] and Wielandt (loc. cit.) to the spectral radius of positive operators to general cones of infinite dimension, and the characterization of \\textit{M. D. Dunsher} and \\textit{S. R. Varadhan} [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 780- 783 (1975; Zbl 0353.49039)] to general cones of finite dimension.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$ABF53EE2-7304-490E-8A93-E68CD904C288","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f961d1a28c1af2ecc6f811f86a68288b987b24bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":205843,"id":"Q205843"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$6F561C76-6A2E-4807-B2E8-5E046B3719DB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"379993e49d6b3bf4f928ea97a76d4470fec7f1af","datavalue":{"value":"15B48","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$700DD668-9B55-46E5-A0F4-F73AB39B7F17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b353ca9fa5871b5d283994bd1f10d77c55504354","datavalue":{"value":"15A18","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$CA3E58E5-B081-47F5-A5B9-3274697AD483","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$F464A164-1A51-4176-B74A-705898AF2F2C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7513b3a25f3c1d7a346d65e9a5abc1dd9ae7bd47","datavalue":{"value":"4160953","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$14D15CA2-65B8-4C9A-B077-A58C7E259387","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ed7d87e9d86c44bec506cd4dfc5ed9d0c55c30c8","datavalue":{"value":"irreducible nonnegative matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$F513D7CC-0BF0-45AE-86C1-BA2A92FB843B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d7a964a3d4c2e691995c539beb82f3ba73922e11","datavalue":{"value":"Wielandt characterization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$D3D28812-6C6B-4A59-AFA3-A730B4259347","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bc6f20586660f3dd080e4a3445662323858118ac","datavalue":{"value":"Birkhoff-Varga characterization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$7F62C06B-9350-4784-845F-68D19808EEA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"51539c1c9269bd56fc028278487bd44186cdfe3f","datavalue":{"value":"Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$3C7D26BC-B026-40D8-98FA-4798AD0B6B7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"50c4964a39f623ac7f7dffeff22c33db10ae16be","datavalue":{"value":"game-theoretic inequality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$5AD61513-CF3F-40F3-A60A-F6D5453E5F39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5b009faaffc8a8c426743054065b6952bb623f4e","datavalue":{"value":"spectral radius","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$FEF3C83E-7861-41D7-B44B-764B9E044AE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d5151e097212cda743de4383030aa45f55661994","datavalue":{"value":"positive operators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$B6DDAE76-077B-4F65-BF47-1609C065A580","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0fc1ba1315bef4a516361208df19c1391d5018d","datavalue":{"value":"cones of infinite dimension","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$547CCEF5-06CB-4D9E-9C83-5690BC3BE3FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$8483FE0D-D259-49AB-B2B4-DB3E5D01C462","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f65538fd9946d6df0cd6c1f809a144da41b8a003","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3943082,"id":"Q3943082"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$AA123403-3CE5-4DDA-99FD-D2C4CC14D022","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dd0051cfa1a7a9593da948d34614346947e94461","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3259013,"id":"Q3259013"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$EEB972D1-9EE1-4BC3-944D-B11BB280CE46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ade6e794798c4253d901e250d7db58c9b1dca2fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3043311,"id":"Q3043311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$3D6C1181-76ED-40B6-AC2E-1ED16B939DB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e1ba7d69e36a1a9cdc80f9cb79bc97df10cb03e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1166594,"id":"Q1166594"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$AD892D0D-8540-4FC8-8920-A65F634E3764","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"77527c7dd8400a3486be42160c8637f1246afa3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4123918,"id":"Q4123918"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$7556C194-D240-46E2-92C6-3C1B4E6A5707","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"52f237736c7f1760246dc4c1a1028b616417e489","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5905932,"id":"Q5905932"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$BB268239-49FB-4CC8-9AE3-08B90F36F771","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"50e8161e40adf948331d13da63478d0c150d1034","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3912919,"id":"Q3912919"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$8F34AD32-635B-49BB-AE66-9447D1F49D5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"12ef8e09d5e1e101724440332427e1f35150acb6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3258067,"id":"Q3258067"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$86C054B4-8E62-438B-B41A-2FD9385D6F83","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c190c0dad1da593cc23a1c3fd1824cfa825f51f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5786104,"id":"Q5786104"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$EA4C1283-564C-4D4A-9551-8D5A1CA930B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0ed21962908b44b55ccaad5ecb4bb315cad8fdba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4176006,"id":"Q4176006"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$03E4F189-8E00-4994-A04D-2D1CD035DCE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7d9948e4ef18db4719353f9ec05cab18a5c85890","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4042131,"id":"Q4042131"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$BE844478-4C90-40A0-97E6-4F151CFB29A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"68661ea7cbf863c81f3e92de11a22ff71f4875f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":912949,"id":"Q912949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$5E513B52-885B-4C00-B1C4-A6B95FDEAA4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"abe4b9ad6fae7598acbc88d9305c0c1e0168cfc8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2648232,"id":"Q2648232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q919437$8B707C22-E237-4497-93F5-3EF65104C4F8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"af7a556e19097735617bea46d5c3c70f4916ebd1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":395590,"id":"Q395590"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"135d3220b09136fe8eaab457e8105b190380635a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7940444946289062","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q919437$77C40680-1AC4-4391-BC66-1220FD0660D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b23cabc2d3d7ef3d6836c522eafcc93effafce63","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3458476,"id":"Q3458476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4510b06f68cf456623329e7b4979e7d33cc377bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7874889969825745","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q919437$AEE0853F-0EC2-4747-AF6F-1B1DC0A01FD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"77209be2b028302058e5e822aae58c2d4ec21cec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4706969,"id":"Q4706969"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d5826b1f8218bbf4ef39a869065c4b238655f32","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7811595797538757","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q919437$7230BA56-C726-4316-ACF8-3BF8583E21E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eac0daa1847e5945cd7d8961c98c3a1a39044630","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3772781,"id":"Q3772781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ca67b27d62e312b6f405d2215139a7eeddcec8a3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7736964225769043","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q919437$793C8B55-390F-4CC1-B0C0-DCC9FB38AC91","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dda27b76e50ca3627bcce3802b4ca0a6e902c997","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4457302,"id":"Q4457302"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3143ad5fe5314332c229aba120208d4d0b4083e1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7707608342170715","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q919437$41308B90-007F-4C7B-B5A2-6C87BC1D0188","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Characterizations of the spectral radius of positive operators","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Characterizations_of_the_spectral_radius_of_positive_operators"}}}}}