{"entities":{"Q922590":{"pageid":924438,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q922590","lastrevid":65374755,"modified":"2026-04-12T02:10:00Z","type":"item","id":"Q922590","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On Artin's conjecture and the class number of certain CM fields. I,II"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4168794"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$B481A007-587F-48A7-87E0-6E56D2A6FDD5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"90a3bcb883b26c50bb48507f246205b656f6d6f4","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On Artin's conjecture and the class number of certain CM fields. I,II","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$D57250C0-6F40-4DC5-AF2A-2D24822E5844","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"24fb8115fe607dd0764e66f6ff1594916e6130c7","datavalue":{"value":"0711.11042","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$DADF4B6D-0748-409B-ACEC-347511C5E2E2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"fd9186c678f1d67897f7f79b89b9e1b5a82835ed","datavalue":{"value":"10.1215/S0012-7094-89-05925-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$A27601C6-4A2E-4A6B-A94B-4E6A9C5675F2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e8d78105b574d85114159aeeb77fd1baaa47af9d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":247488,"id":"Q247488"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$96FDB85F-B7C9-4898-BF1F-DC29010FFC38","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$CBFE45EC-5FBA-460F-AD61-FC007668EB34","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8d33b7a3baa9a0f09934bbe10745141a4117d232","datavalue":{"value":"Let K be a CM field, i.e., a totally complex quadratic extension of a totally real field k, with \\([k:{\\mathbb{Q}}]=n\\). The problem of finding an effective lower bound for \\(h_ K\\), the class number of K, has a very similar nature to the corresponding problem for an imaginary quadratic field (the long-standing Gauss conjecture proved by Gross and Zagier), in view of the analogous factorization: \\(\\zeta_ K(s)=\\zeta_ k(s)L(s,\\chi),\\) where in the imaginary quadratic case, L(s,\\(\\chi\\)) denotes the Dirichlet L-series with the Kronecker symbol, while in the CM field case, L(s,\\(\\chi\\)) denotes the real ray class L-series. The problem amounts to obtaining as good an effective lower estimate for the distance from 1 of a possible real (Siegel) zero \\(\\beta\\) as possible. In the imaginary quadratic case, the above-mentioned recent important result of (Goldfeld-) Gross-Zagier gives effectively \\(h_ K\\gg (\\log D_ k)^{1- \\epsilon}\\) for \\(n=1\\), where in general \\(D_ M\\) denotes the absolute value of the discriminant of the number field M. In the CM field case, under the restriction that k belongs to the class \\({\\mathcal N}\\) of all totally real fields that are attainable by a sequence \\({\\mathbb{Q}}=k_ 0\\subset k_ 1\\subset...\\subset k_{\\ell}=k\\) with each field normal over the preceding one (in particular, k normal over \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\) also belong to \\({\\mathcal N})\\), \\textit{H. M. Stark} [Invent. Math. 23, 135-152 (1974; Zbl 0278.12005)] has shown that  \\[  (1)\\quad 1-\\beta >\\min (D_ k^{-1/n} f^{-1/2n},\\quad (\\log A_ nD_ k^ 2f)^{-1}),  \\]  where \\(A_ n=1\\) and f denotes the norm of the conductor of \\(\\chi\\). \\textit{A. M. Odlyzko} [ibid. 29, 275-286 (1975; Zbl 0299.12010)] and further the first author [ibid. 55, 37-47 (1979; Zbl 0474.12009)] have settled the problem of proving \\(h_ K\\to \\infty\\) as \\(n\\to \\infty\\), not covered by Stark's result. For \\(k\\not\\in N\\), Stark's method yields (1) effectively with \\(A_ n=n!\\) whose presence, however, forces the restriction  \\[  (2)\\quad D_ k>(Cn)^{2n},\\quad C>0  \\]  in order that the methods of Odlyzko and Hoffstein might show \\(h_ k\\to \\infty\\) as \\(n\\to \\infty\\). (2) could be eliminated with these methods only if Artin's holomorphy conjecture is assumed.    The purpose of these papers under review are to improve the zero-free region (1) in the other extreme case that k is not normal over \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\) and belongs to the class \\({\\mathcal S}\\) of all totally real fields k with the property that the Galois group of the Galois closure e of k over k is \\(S_ n\\), the full symmetric group. In Part I, the authors obtain an improvement over (1) to the effect that n! is replaced by \\(4^ n\\), and as a consequence thereof, an effective lower bound for \\(h_ K\\) with a weaker restriction than (2), under the condition that \\(k\\in {\\mathcal S}\\) and K does not contain any imaginary quadratic field. The idea of proof hinges on the use of the well-known fact that if \\(\\beta\\) is a multiple zero, then 1-\\(\\beta\\) is bounded below by (log \\(D_ K)^{-1}\\) at some stage in pulling the zero up through a series of extensions of k, and for this, the interaction of poles and zeros at \\(\\beta\\) of Artin L-series corresponding to the extension eK/k is closely studied by appealing to the representation theory combined with the correspondence between multiplicative relationship of Artin L-series and linear combination of characters. In Part II by more complicated methods (in the similar spirit) the restriction on K is removed and \\(4^ n\\) is improved to \\(\\alpha^ n\\), \\(\\alpha\\approx 5.8\\), and the final result reads (Theorem 0.1, (b)): given \\(\\delta >0\\), there is an effective constant \\(C>0\\) such that if \\(D_ k>C^ n\\), then \\(h_ K>(1+\\delta)^ n\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$E0740D7F-F00D-4AE5-9CD5-C7242960F690","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de7f3c1190f7fe7db561a67d5059a061b3cbbffa","datavalue":{"value":"11R29","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$56A4D8A4-0173-40A8-9050-1B5E2221CA94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"60812a381dd95773e68c54b90aa92d52a1e9cecb","datavalue":{"value":"11R42","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$DBABCD72-5E80-4CF0-B1C1-F3E97AA366B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f2b802f64f53a78caf5f358a0f4dc60ffffd7a50","datavalue":{"value":"4168794","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$D6F1C175-90ED-4B1E-89E5-0AA43581351C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a8b1d591a861f8e2a8c0b114bd4420cb34abafef","datavalue":{"value":"analytic estimates on class numbers of CM fields","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$B9C4019D-C986-4ED8-BA67-A53534FCE607","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f95ad7396f9a23ff4f7b36f41fbd00e0b6051c6","datavalue":{"value":"zero-free region","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$F6A9E6BA-1EF5-439A-BD0C-C3D483710569","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a16f09d5aaa71d1d8700af4a475da873111257e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":734963,"id":"Q734963"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$F2E1C326-63FC-4E13-A3BA-6B7820A5F51C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"218605dee377da80cdea3f4115d887ce7afde47c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1140112,"id":"Q1140112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$DAB784E9-CF7A-4217-9A11-E9E173F60F37","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f9b0c8d7701cdee7db2237074ce113a55bddc921","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":203567,"id":"Q203567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$9CDC0A73-3517-4096-B183-75C17C1D2E95","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$03E3C6B7-3D3A-440A-BC5C-BF27A6249631","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"c2087bcdfa5f2634bdcd2b4b008c195190c03bd7","datavalue":{"value":"Q123235062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$780F6C79-6A68-4E2B-ACD0-701E4C33F264","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2b1edfc88a897a34dfd19b7ddcc81e37d4d04f00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5770541,"id":"Q5770541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$D1C7AD06-85FF-43E1-8818-8207AF394A7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7ba30928bb285c310100b1f296c47819a153a05d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4113910,"id":"Q4113910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$B14C6589-C728-4662-99A1-7B6B176650D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66cdd2dadfb088fc836b382794c1a2cac6b94cdb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1086308,"id":"Q1086308"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$5478CFCE-2909-4398-B73D-7AE5F8A87CD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8dcb7faaae36143640fd2bc2a8fb784a9a993bb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3895553,"id":"Q3895553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$53DA9147-D49A-4A7B-ABA7-23F6EE17CD08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"61ec49033c5f1d3f2a9d6ce623d7b9477cdad5c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1159235,"id":"Q1159235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$82AF5781-4FE4-4DEB-8A5C-5F72451DA2EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d3952d04780f1b3d1ecfff4de87f7dc65d40793","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":922590,"id":"Q922590"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$BF06F752-63DD-401A-AFD9-F56B2B4CA8F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6853de31a55a32de2f706e99132ffc0bc96e806","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3921311,"id":"Q3921311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$94CCD756-DC33-4103-A1EF-14EB2D630CEE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c6a0890e606a3646a79cc5fd6b2192394137477","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3952291,"id":"Q3952291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$A062133F-B1A7-42BF-96F4-27C5DA4264A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7e105bf4d249aeb35e99172876be93d9dac9d025","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5966838,"id":"Q5966838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$21861E66-997C-4005-AC8D-97320E3BA544","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"79bee9d81b376680c4210a25122fccedb4b55950","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1239764,"id":"Q1239764"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$520E49E8-0BAD-43AE-96F5-CD7A82148B52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"07fe6b76abee10917b88f05f00680bc4a42bbed3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1394374,"id":"Q1394374"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q922590$3C983291-6689-4584-9A95-55BA6B87ADF4","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"568345a2bdb6de840a281159a2fe06d723c62a15","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3055078,"id":"Q3055078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1bbdafc89da4087e2bb23a2cedce8d5ed057b039","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8792241811752319","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q922590$4221CA80-1290-4FA6-8A21-E600D6CC2C2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7d20c0f3ec7bd2523691d1a065c5f56319bc4719","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4484368,"id":"Q4484368"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b77cff75b50524edc67bddbb7367b027267445bf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8762525916099548","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q922590$3832B3F3-C640-4200-8CD2-E6BE51D5EEAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2c3dc983ad4326e8d5d137beb22d49c1784396ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2747671,"id":"Q2747671"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"58a19fc64da67ce986163a07f4dca2c15ec97327","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8641100525856018","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q922590$56DC7FAA-377E-48AE-8E43-AF3447DC8547","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"90df4b6770e0d34ade6dab5e2c8caa7cb2b68828","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4325424,"id":"Q4325424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c89726c9266a959ba2877112278e661a48f4baaf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8520947098731995","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q922590$DC31139A-C85C-435C-ABBA-D49D611523F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"44fa959be2cabc2acb8d71e8f998f0f7f1ac60c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4286398,"id":"Q4286398"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d355fd68d62bb9115335984a0d08b6806f24347","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8270848393440247","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q922590$C9E5440B-A2F7-4C29-9767-A6634C3D8A0C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On Artin's conjecture and the class number of certain CM fields. I,II","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_Artin%27s_conjecture_and_the_class_number_of_certain_CM_fields._I,II"}}}}}