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Zalcman} [Contemp. Math. 63, 337-350 (1987; Zbl 0641.31003)] viz. ``Let \\(\\Omega\\) be a bounded solid. Let U be the solution of the following initial-boundary value problem for the heat equation  \\[  (Ia)\\quad (\\partial /\\partial t)U-\\Delta U=0\\text{ in } \\Omega \\times (0,\\infty);  \\]   \\[  (Ib)\\quad U=1\\text{ on } \\partial \\Omega \\times (0,\\infty);\\quad (Ic)\\quad U=0\\text{ on } \\Omega \\times \\{0\\}.  \\]  Suppose that the level surfaces of U(.,t) are invariant with respect to the time variable \\(t>0\\). Is \\(\\Omega\\) a ball?''    The author derives the following results:    A. Let \\(\\Omega\\) be a bounded connected open set in \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\), having \\(C^ 2\\)-smooth boundary \\(\\partial \\Omega\\), and let U be the solution of problem I above. Then \\(\\Omega\\) is a ball if   (i) for every \\(\\tau >0\\) and for every level surface \\(\\Gamma\\) (whether connected or not) of U(.,z), \\(U|_{\\Gamma \\times [\\tau,\\infty)}\\) depends only on t, or if    (ii) for every \\(\\tau >0\\) and for every connected component \\(\\Sigma\\) of every level surface of U(.,\\(\\tau\\)), \\(U|_{\\Sigma \\times [\\tau,\\infty)}\\) depends only on t, and \\(\\Omega\\) is a solid.    B. Let \\(\\Omega\\) be as in A above. Let g,g\\(\\neq 0\\), be any function in \\(L^ 2(\\Omega)\\) and let U satisfy Ia, Ib and the initial condition \\(U=1- g\\) on \\(\\Omega\\times \\{0\\}.\\)    If U satisfies condition (i) of A above the one of the following two cases occurs:   (i) g is an eigenfunction of the Laplacian in \\(\\Omega\\) with zero Dirichlet conditions,    (ii) \\(\\Omega\\) is a ball, and, for every \\(t>0\\), g and U(.,t) have constant sign and are radially symmetric with respect to the centre of 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