{"entities":{"Q935870":{"pageid":937718,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q935870","lastrevid":65522187,"modified":"2026-04-12T03:10:48Z","type":"item","id":"Q935870","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Smooth hypersurface sections containing a given subscheme over a finite field"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5310630"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$376CB226-A1ED-4E9D-B308-8724B54D5BA1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c5d6b8db5996fb66fbccda4082b357db5d7e445e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Smooth hypersurface sections containing a given subscheme over a finite field","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$EED545A6-0AB0-486F-BC05-1C405D53F023","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a6bb70885244d81d8c3364b5e881b795ac3a069b","datavalue":{"value":"1207.14047","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$3CE72581-78D9-48AE-A949-0D0B8864FB9C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"20bfd080fdc3b7e3f20d23c71e1a608a3f5fa0ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":215971,"id":"Q215971"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$08E9E907-344F-4885-9552-0BE2B367A391","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"82759f7bd5d339c54aa2233fde0d7f5ffae8b2c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":170810,"id":"Q170810"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$4CE5CB33-7892-4677-A542-E162D40C32EC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3e1f8f3031aaee7a3fac9dd5900057c3c871eb59","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2008-08-12T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$F3C9FAA5-4DE8-4FA0-A5B2-76DB5900AF66","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2c3226a67c59f6143cde9faa2297f5ea6699b14d","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0628","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q935870$480F9051-4A1D-48DA-A440-D791C7C4B1AF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0b413a0b4c7c3a2aabc1ae88739ad72f095e7328","datavalue":{"value":"\\textit{O. Gabber} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 11, No. 6, 1192--1200 (2001; Zbl 1072.14513)] and the author [Ann. Math. (2) 160, No. 3, 1099--1127 (2004; Zbl 1084.14026)] independently proved the following version of Bertini's theorem over finite fields. Let \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\) be the finite field of \\(q\\) elements (where \\(q\\) is any prime power) and let \\(X\\) be a quasi-projective subscheme of \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\) of dimension \\(m\\geq 0\\) defined over \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\). Then there is a hypersurface \\(H\\) in \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\) such that \\(X\\cap H\\) is smooth of dimension \\(m-1\\). In fact, the author obtained a refined quantitative result which implies that a positive fraction of these hypersurfaces \\(H\\) has this property. In the present paper, the author extends his result to hypersurfaces \\(H\\) which contain a prescribed closed subscheme \\(Z\\) of \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\). We explain his result. Let \\(S\\) be the polynomial ring \\({\\mathbb F}_q[x_0,\\ldots , x_n]\\) and \\(S_d\\) the \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\)-vector space consisting of all homogeneous polynomials of degree \\(d\\) in \\(S\\). For \\(f\\in S_d\\), let \\(H_f\\) be the subscheme \\(\\text{Proj}(S/(f))\\subseteq {\\mathbb P}^n\\). Given a closed subscheme \\(Z\\) of \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\), denote by \\(I_d\\) the \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\)-vector space of \\(f\\in S_d\\) which vanish identically on \\(Z\\) and put \\(I_{\\text{homog}}:=\\cup_{d\\geq 0} I_d\\). Then the density of a subset \\({\\mathcal P}\\) of \\(I_{\\text{homog}}\\) is given by \\(\\mu_Z({\\mathcal P}):=\\lim_{d\\to\\infty} \\# ({\\mathcal P}\\cap I_d)/\\# I_d\\), provided the limit exists. Next, the zeta function associated with a scheme \\(X\\) of finite type over \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\) is defined by \\(\\zeta_X(s):=\\prod_P (1-q^{-s\\deg P})^{-1}\\), where the product is taken over all closed points of \\(X\\). This product converges for \\(s\\in{\\mathbb C}\\) with \\(\\text{Re}\\, s >\\dim X\\). Then the author's result states the following: Let \\(X\\) be a smooth quasi-projective subscheme of \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\) of dimension \\(m\\geq 0\\) over \\({\\mathbb F}_q\\) and \\(Z\\) a closed subscheme of \\({\\mathbb P}^n\\) such that the scheme-theoretic intersection \\(V:= X\\cap Z\\) is smooth of dimension \\(l\\) (taking \\(l=-1\\) if \\(V=\\emptyset\\)). Let \\({\\mathcal P}\\) be the set of \\(f\\in I_{\\text{homog}}\\) such that \\(X\\cap H_f\\) is smooth of dimension \\(m-1\\). Then \\[ \\mu_Z({\\mathcal P})={\\zeta_V(m+1)\\over \\zeta_V(m-l)\\zeta_X(m+1)}\\;\\mathit{if}\\,\\, m>2l,\\;\\;\\mu_Z({\\mathcal P})=0\\;\\text\\textit{if}\\,\\, m\\leq 2l. \\] The author claims that with extra work the condition that \\(X\\cap Z\\) be smooth could be removed. The proof consists of two parts: first it is shown that for every fixed \\(r\\), the set of \\(f\\in I_{\\text{homog}}\\) such that \\(X\\cap H_f\\) does not have singular points of degree \\(