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To explain it, recall first some family index theory. Let \\(\\mathcal{E}\\) be the geometric structure needed to define a family of fiberwise generalized Dirac operators on a smooth fiber bundle with base \\(B\\) and the Bismut super connection. Let \\(\\operatorname{index}(\\mathcal{E})\\in K^0(B)\\) be the index of the family, and let \\(\\Omega(\\mathcal{E})\\) be the closed even form on \\(B\\) defined by the local index theory, which represents a class \\([\\Omega(\\mathcal{E})]\\in H^{\\text{ev}}(B,\\mathbb{R})\\). Then the local index theorem states that \\textbf{ch}\\(^{\\mathbb{R}}(\\operatorname{index}(\\mathcal{E}))=[\\Omega(\\mathcal{E})]\\). Since the classifying space of \\(K^0\\) is \\(BU\\times\\mathbb{Z}\\), there is a universal class \\textbf{ch}\\(^{\\mathbb{R}}_{\\text{univ}}\\in H^{\\text{ev}}(BU\\times\\mathbb{Z},\\mathbb{R})\\) such that \\([\\Omega(\\mathcal{E})]=f^*\\) \\textbf{ch}\\(^{\\mathbb{R}}_{\\text{univ}}\\), where \\(f:B\\to BU\\times\\mathbb{Z}\\) classifies \\(\\operatorname{index}(\\mathcal{E})\\). Moreover \\(H^{\\text{ev}}(BU\\times\\mathbb{Z},\\mathbb{R})\\) is a polynomial algebra with generators \\(c^{\\mathbb{R}}_2,c^{\\mathbb{R}}_4,\\dots\\) Thus \\textbf{ch}\\(^{\\mathbb{R}}_{\\text{univ}}\\) has an expression in terms of these generators, obtaining the Chern character.  The authors now consider the Atiyah-Hirzebruch filtration of \\(K\\)-theory, \\(K_k^*(B)\\), given by the classes with zero restriction to the \\((k-1)\\)-skeleton of \\(B\\), and assume that \\(\\operatorname{index}(\\mathcal{E})\\in K^*_k(B)\\). Then \\(c_k(\\operatorname{index}(\\mathcal{E}))\\in H^k(B,\\mathbb{Z})\\) admits a natural lift to Deligne cohomology, \\(\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E})\\in H^k_{\\text{Del}}(B)\\equiv H^{k-1}(B,\\mathbb{R}/\\mathbb{Z})\\), which depends continuously on the geometry. Thus it has a curvature \\(\\omega(\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E}))\\in\\mathcal{A}^k(B)\\), which is given by \\(\\Omega(\\mathcal{E})\\).  To go further, the authors consider the case of a family of twisted Dirac operators on a family of Spin-manifolds of dimension \\(n\\), where the twisting bundle is real. In this case, if \\(k+n\\equiv 2\\;(\\text{mod}\\;4)\\), then it is shown that \\(\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E})\\) is flat, concluding that this class is a differential-topological invariant. Moreover they show that \\(\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E})\\) depends on the real refinement \\(\\operatorname{index}_{\\mathbb{R}}(\\mathcal{E})\\in KO^{-n}(B)\\) and satisfies \\(2\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E})=0\\). In fact, they construct a natural transgression  \\[  d_{B,k-1}^n:U^n_k(B)\\to H^{k-1}(B,\\mathbb{R}/\\mathbb{Z})  \\]  such that \\(d_{B,k-1}^n(\\operatorname{index}_{\\mathbb{R}}(\\mathcal{E}))=\\hat{c}_k(\\mathcal{E})\\) and \\(2d_{B,k-1}^n=0\\), where \\(U^n_k(B)\\subset KO^{-n}(B)\\) consists of the classes which after complexification belong to \\(K^{-n}_k(B)\\).   Now the universal situation is given as follows. The classifying space of \\(KO^{-n}\\) is \\(\\Omega^nBO\\), and we have the fibration  \\[  \\Omega^n(U/O)\\to\\Omega^nBO\\to\\Omega^nBU\\;. \\]   A class \\(x\\in KO^{-n}(B)\\) is represented by a map \\(f:B\\to\\Omega^nBO\\). If \\(x\\in U^{-n}_\\infty(B)\\), then \\(f\\) factors up to homotopy through a map \\(g:B\\to\\Omega^n(U/O)\\) because the composition of \\(f\\) with \\(\\Omega^nBO\\to\\Omega^nBU\\) is null homotopic. So there must be a universal class \\(\\bar d_{4k+1-n}\\in H^{4k+1-n}(\\Omega^n(U/O),\\mathbb{R}/\\mathbb{Z})\\) such that \\(g^*\\bar d_{4k+1-n}=d^{-n}_{4k+1-n}(x)\\). The main result of the paper (Theorem~4.10) computes this universal class in terms of the known generators of \\(\\Omega^n(U/O)\\). In most of the cases, it vanishes or it is a classical characteristic class. But it is not a classical characteristic class when \\(n=6\\) (it is not a pull back from \\(\\Omega^6BO=Sp/U\\)), and thus it is more exotic and interesting in this case.  Some examples with nontrivial classes are 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