{"entities":{"Q958724":{"pageid":960572,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q958724","lastrevid":65641302,"modified":"2026-04-12T03:59:38Z","type":"item","id":"Q958724","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Bruhat order, smooth Schubert varieties, and hyperplane arrangements"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5379246"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$A61BF30A-4DCD-4056-AD85-AC0AE88B383D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"bb7652ab48aab5cd52e344c838b6ee3d801edf39","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Bruhat order, smooth Schubert varieties, and hyperplane arrangements","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$FC7760B2-91A8-46AC-8EE8-956212049578","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"58f51f010ceb1791b0ea4237f8dd3c1a68aa1e6f","datavalue":{"value":"1166.14032","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$45C7DF82-8388-4CEA-9B64-03BDD4C77DF9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8bdf2b62c10e8fe685d818a25eeaa9e067b63541","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":304108,"id":"Q304108"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$0DB96D78-A741-428F-9D09-4803507D512B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc163607a80589aec0d252197b649c821c78b529","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":958723,"id":"Q958723"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$617EB930-21AD-465D-A2AC-D513AC9C4115","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4b6b9255f93349e3fa11d9cc43c8c00323a1c680","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":294550,"id":"Q294550"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$65F3BA1A-C507-42BD-AA36-1755E02EA560","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1c03f12d2ae232c6413ffedcffaa255461d32f1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171729,"id":"Q171729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$435ED3F1-6B9B-403A-AC1B-FE18EDE5533A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"03942c210b5c806fbe48b82452bbcc5f2d751c53","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2008-12-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$3CE49EC0-BCE8-404C-A09F-514D9C649519","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"496432012c0351db1d0dd6f5be310a8d9d1eabe4","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3259","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$7DB85A0F-3A8B-485C-8A07-EC953F364F2B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"186a75a3f084f3f23836cb1d82b3b0d7921a176e","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(w\\in S_n\\) be a permutation. Consider a polynomial \\(P_w(q)=\\sum_{u\\leq w} q^{l(u)}\\), where the sum is over all permutations \\(u\\in S_n\\) below \\(w\\) in the strong Bruhat order. The polynomial \\(P_w(q)\\) is the Poincar\u00e9 polynomial of the Schubert variety \\(X_w=BwB/B\\) in the flag variety \\(\\text{SL}(n,\\mathbb{C})/B\\).  Define the inversion hyperplane arrangement \\(\\mathcal{A}_w\\) as the collection of the hyperplanes \\(x_i-x_j=0\\) in \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\), for all inversions \\(1\\leq i< j\\leq n\\), \\(w(i)>w(j)\\). Let \\(R_w(q)=\\sum_r q^{d(r_0,r)}\\) be the generating function that counts regions \\(r\\) of the arrangement \\(\\mathcal{A}_w\\) according to the distance \\(d(r_0,r)\\) from the fixed initial region \\(r_0\\) with \\((1,2,\\dots,n)\\in r_0\\).  The main result of the paper is the claim that \\(P_w(q)=R_w(q)\\) if and only if the Schubert variety \\(X_w\\) is smooth. In this case, an explicit factorization of the polynomial \\(P_w(q)\\) as a product of \\(q\\)-numbers \\([e_1+1]_q\\dots [e_n+1]_q\\) is obtained. The numbers \\(e_1,\\dots,e_n\\) are called exponents. They can be computed using the left-to-right maxima (aka records) of the permutation \\(w\\). Here the inversion graph \\(G_w\\), whose edges correspond to inversions in \\(w\\), is a chordal graph. The numbers \\(e_1,\\dots,e_n\\) are the roots of the chromatic polynomial \\(\\chi_{G_w}(t)\\) of the inversion graph. The polynomial \\(\\chi_{G_w}(t)\\) is also the characteristic polynomial of the inversion hyperplane arrangement \\(\\mathcal{A}_w\\). Chordal graphs and perfect elimination ordering are the main technical tools of the paper under review.  In the final section, a generalization of the construction to other root systems is proposed. For an element \\(w\\) of the Weyl group, the arrangement \\(\\mathcal{A}_w\\) is defined as the collection of hyperplanes \\(\\alpha(x)=0\\) for all roots \\(\\alpha\\) such that \\(\\alpha>0\\) and \\(w(\\alpha)<0\\). The authors conjecture that coincidence of polynomials \\(P_w(q)\\) and \\(R_w(q)\\) corresponds to rational smoothness of the Schubert variety \\(X_w\\) in the generalized flag variety \\(G/B\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$E141DD3D-6F44-450A-82E0-B59252601106","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f525c69b0875aab7f3ed337a2d8bf4e1b5418a8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":411759,"id":"Q411759"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$2FBCB225-C66D-408C-A611-BF3A735B53E3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5e94aafaa2f33801917e46c8c822f847901de3e7","datavalue":{"value":"14M15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$FD0DB77B-78FA-47C3-B8E2-C8906B44340D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0dcc6ef289477f68cffe6414814b60192a325ae7","datavalue":{"value":"20F55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$41B96A6B-ED65-4C3C-8EDE-6406E0B671A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7501cba48320d715aa2f92c8f7803347a8901b66","datavalue":{"value":"52C35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$67CE8D20-3888-4839-BCBC-2B7188916959","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"27cb7381db8ee13b23d86ddbe20f32ff760a4b21","datavalue":{"value":"5379246","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$F8DACC1B-BD15-4A30-AEE1-7DF386DA264F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"99e17f1b49f5418163009f03930e73117c59f753","datavalue":{"value":"flag varieties","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$2DA53540-AEC4-46E9-9B87-016B198D296C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fdd3fe3ba87b1b742a72ada79573791dd4408a1c","datavalue":{"value":"Schubert varieties","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$BCBFD9AE-2B77-464C-BB46-9A0E2536E504","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dfc4c58fcae078fb7d481ebd514895ae213349e7","datavalue":{"value":"hyperplane arrangements","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$C7810957-F910-46ED-9ECE-D6741815BC7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b2eb569491a16dc5b6d3fb4a41b85823bfe5d896","datavalue":{"value":"Bruhat order","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$998CE253-7794-438E-A433-F6DB2870A50F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"259168352d40330a42868d5fa98d832ee6cfb6c0","datavalue":{"value":"Poincar\u00e9 polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$81D52A8A-18E3-487D-88DD-5BC7D6347E77","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$219B57A2-332F-4E21-A000-1A1832C9E2CA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ac1657c46f2a79af8dfd82973584d2f286138a89","datavalue":{"value":"W2055356919","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$2BAD86E3-11F9-4641-A633-49D8B5DE6A6D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b3aab7522a33af9353cdfdb1256aa349d61f714","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1273677,"id":"Q1273677"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$E091A40A-525F-4E26-955E-599F418E037D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e384d779e50661a624bef1608a79324028d2521","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1583041,"id":"Q1583041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$66909C43-2A63-46FE-8530-79F80F1132F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"41b5d08a504043c225d1d382fe7a56fde8f7eb97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":912387,"id":"Q912387"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$022AB3A6-8F05-453E-9370-BE46DEEBE4EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5493655cb8051d90d6a9fd7b5fc07158ef2ad9c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4308248,"id":"Q4308248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$BABB370B-F7DC-4477-B297-5280F2E5EF5B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c74b7954c4e96ea2e676044196dc57d8b06146d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2395457,"id":"Q2395457"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$984A0B7D-9084-4A07-B2F8-39868B2532BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"984ec8330f62044c95e65f04e1975b185ea6eb00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1268614,"id":"Q1268614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$C18367E3-36E4-44A2-8D2D-09099F77DED3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6fe353e5b093a3d096df4122cd0a5bb35abb988","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4466452,"id":"Q4466452"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$6C051297-7492-4110-AD66-ECFC9D530FC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6cf1b471e829001b92b79d6077ec657627446ba4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1024360,"id":"Q1024360"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$23FE209E-83CE-4520-9664-54AFE3B930FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dd21595b8b410542449cc91b5d980ffcc46d4d50","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1126829,"id":"Q1126829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$53DC297D-CE3C-44F5-9250-30C2BE7E275D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3c8b6e4dbe57f13916abd57002a78ccf92675994","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":750560,"id":"Q750560"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$CAE74AB6-7872-46DF-A9A0-9B86CA0416F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e146664299942dab5c4f60e3e63f38965f7bdd8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2384567,"id":"Q2384567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$060D6C31-396D-4588-90BC-A3845CF6FAE0","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6208b2761c3b8c6a2ba1e2a880f67dff3c9033d3","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JCTA.2008.01.003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q958724$D7B4B652-BDA1-4314-BE4A-E796913AEB02","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33cf2d338454a99587f96e567a4c46e06c126e8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4591359,"id":"Q4591359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0855ee43a878ef78ed50d5ec875933131d4271d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9351638555526732","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q958724$78172BEC-14A5-4669-B496-75E8CBEC1E4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"14dc4b1c598478d5725e0c1ca57c315f8b3827e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1016147,"id":"Q1016147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d64e04680e13f28ac3385f728d54a95c8ea3d969","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7798646688461304","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q958724$F804E479-AEE7-40D7-9A36-662579F72822","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5ce42728555af3e2cd8499b713f8097bc59310a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1066975,"id":"Q1066975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2be343b7beacf148bae2a293f1a89bcf57b659f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7763276100158691","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q958724$8A2BB173-0F6E-443B-A4D0-7DE2C6910111","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"543d2c8a5e476d8c432d4eceed0d4247d19d506a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":815034,"id":"Q815034"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0e2973fefafd959cc48ae999acf9be126418737","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7710747718811035","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q958724$95315314-529A-46C5-AD6F-8CF82B6D31F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e1c04578e47d5ca13f4cf2f938f2f109be2a01bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":887317,"id":"Q887317"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"11e6feb709015c298f3539126989f1720a8c248f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7600832581520081","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q958724$FE744A35-E825-4EE2-962B-FBE33C5E8AA6","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Bruhat order, smooth Schubert varieties, and hyperplane arrangements","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Bruhat_order,_smooth_Schubert_varieties,_and_hyperplane_arrangements"}}}}}