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We consider the following set of monomial ideals  \\[ {\\mathcal F}_I := \\{J\\subset S\\mid J\\text{ is a monomial ideal},\\; \\sqrt{J}=I\\} \\]  which contains the set \\({\\mathcal J}_I\\) of monomial ideals called modification of \\(I\\):  \\[ {\\mathcal J}_I := \\{ J \\in{\\mathcal F}_I\\mid G(J) = \\{v_1, \\dots, v_m\\}\\text{ with } \\text{supp}(v_i) = \\text{supp}(u_i),\\; i=1,\\dots, m\\}. \\]  A modification \\(J\\in {\\mathcal J}_I\\) is called trivial if \\(J = \\varphi(I)S\\) with the \\(K\\)-homomorphism defined by \\(\\varphi(x_i) = x_i^{a_i}\\), \\(i=1,\\dots, n\\), for some non-negative integers \\(a_i\\). Trivial modifications are all Cohen-Macaulay ideals.  In the paper under review, the authors consider when non-trivial modifications exist and when all the elments of \\({\\mathcal J}_I\\) or \\({\\mathcal F}_I\\) are Cohen-Macaulay. The obtained results are as follows. First of all, all the elements of \\({\\mathcal J}_I\\) is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if \\(I\\) is a complete intersection (Theorem~1.1). The same result also holds if we replace ``Cohen-Macaulay'' by ``unmixed''. As an easy observation after this result, the authors point out that all the elements of \\({\\mathcal F}_I\\) is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if \\(I=(x_1,\\dots, x_n)\\). The second result is that \\(I\\) has a non-trivial Cohen-Macaulay modification if and only if \\(I\\) has an infinitely many Cohen-Macaulay modifications (Theorem~2.4). As an application, they show that the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a natural triangulation of the real projective plane has only trivial Cohen-Macaulay modification, but not all modifications are trivial (Example~2.5).  Note: This paper makes a completely wrong citation of the reviewer's paper (citation [5]). The correct one is the following: [\\textit{Y. Takayama}, Bull. Math. Soc. Sci. Math. Roum., Nouv. S\u00e9r. 48(96), No. 3, 327--344 (2005; Zbl 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