{"entities":{"Q968897":{"pageid":970745,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q968897","lastrevid":65719866,"modified":"2026-04-12T04:52:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q968897","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A universal model infinite-dimensional space"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5706261"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$D82DF8CE-295F-40E5-9F87-D682914CA189","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"539903003fe74b14241a150f5e1c523eb7a66c55","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A universal model infinite-dimensional space","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$7454A383-F582-4E64-A9BC-C78E4FA5EAE4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"53baf9d3c4f74efc2b5d7bc527ab1fa8ee9fd7e7","datavalue":{"value":"1196.54015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$0BED0F93-462F-44A2-8924-627D1479ADFF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"dc48cb55979649761e7798a977eb013a47cf52c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171175,"id":"Q171175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$EDD075EE-E8B2-45FE-AA1F-24E711150E15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"228db4eff38792d3827b3765a156b4653a2d4bec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":248782,"id":"Q248782"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$ABFA9BB9-2A48-4677-BB39-79DADA89154D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5b0b97c0625dcf1db38bfea32646c5c729a73db7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1887324,"id":"Q1887324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$4B543108-A1C5-449E-8555-613F86D7821E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"68f468c44aee9489650eda81adf5e09eaa720a8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172615,"id":"Q172615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$E8E5DA19-480A-4293-9912-F9A97432F842","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f4e1db7385ea3a6adf9e2f60c35e705761478f9b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2010-05-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$83337D97-1539-4475-B08A-FA79994F690E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d8ff228389c5c8d35575f314fd82bf0a4f1ef7ee","datavalue":{"value":"Given two ordinals \\(\\beta<\\alpha\\) (each ordinal \\(\\gamma\\) will be identified with the set of all ordinals \\(<\\gamma\\), and cardinals will be identified with initial ordinals of a given size) and a pointed topological space \\((X,*)\\), identify the power \\(X^\\beta\\) with the subset \\(\\{ (x_i)_{i\\in \\alpha} \\in X^\\alpha\\;|\\;x_i=*\\;\\text{for all} \\;i\\geq \\beta \\}\\). Let \\(X^{<\\alpha}:=\\bigcup_{\\beta<\\alpha} X^\\beta\\) be endowed with the strongest topology, that is with the product topology on every subset \\(X^\\beta\\) of \\(X^{<\\alpha}, \\beta,\\alpha\\). Many important model spaces of infinite-dimensional topology can be obtained as spaces of the form \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\) for \\((X,*)=(I,0)\\) or \\((\\mathbb{R},0)\\) and special ordinals \\(\\alpha\\), e.g. the Hilbert cube \\(Q:= [-1,1]^\\omega\\) (if \\((X,*)=(I:=[-1,1],0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\omega+1\\)), the countable product \\(\\mathbb{R}^\\omega\\) (if \\((X,*)=(\\mathbb{R},0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\omega+1\\)), the Tychonov cube (if \\((X,*)=(I,0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\tau+1\\) is an uncountable successor ordinal), the uncountable power \\(\\mathbb{R}^\\tau\\) (if \\((X,*)=(\\mathbb{R},0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\tau+1\\) is an uncountable successor ordinal), the direct limit \\(\\mathbb{R}^\\infty:=\\underrightarrow{\\lim} \\mathbb{R}^n\\) (if \\((X,*)=(\\mathbb{R},0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\omega\\)) and the direct limit \\(Q^\\infty:=\\underrightarrow{\\lim} Q^n\\) (if \\((X,*)=(I,0)\\) and \\(\\alpha=\\omega\\cdot \\omega\\)). Thus the spaces of the form \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\) can be considered as universal model spaces for infinite-dimensional topology.   The authors investigate topological properties of the spaces \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\) for various ordinals \\(\\alpha\\), and give a topological classification of the spaces \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\). Also topological characterizations of the spaces \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\) for special simple pointed spaces (like \\((I,0)\\) or \\((\\mathbb{R},0)\\)) and simple ordinals \\(\\alpha\\) are pointed out (for topological characterizations of the model spaces mentioned above as well as for the other particular spaces \\(X^{<\\alpha}\\), see [\\textit{H. Toru\u0144czyk}, ibid. 106, 31--40 (1980; Zbl 0346.57004), Fundam. Math. 111, 247--262 (1981; Zbl 0468.57015)], [\\textit{A. Chigogidze}, North-Holland Mathematical Library. 53. Amsterdam: Elsevier. (1996; Zbl 0934.54001)], [\\textit{V. V. Fedorchuk} and \\textit{A.I. Chigogidze}, Absolute Retracts and Infinite-Dimensional Manifolds, Moskva: Nauka. 232 p., in Russian (1992; Zbl 0762.54017)], \\textit{E. \u0160\u010depin} [ Sov. Math., Dokl. 20, 511-515 (1979); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 246, 551-554 (1979; Zbl 0431.54020)], \\textit{K. Sakai} [Topology Appl. 18, 69--79 (1984; Zbl 0568.57014)], \\textit{E. Pentsak} [Mat. Stud. 5, 107--116 (1995; Zbl 0927.57019)]).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$22FADCE1-639B-44D6-9688-D54BD42CA5F0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"2570a3e8d42cf385ea8de9006ad9b6e8a46cbe15","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587674,"id":"Q587674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$D8B0B409-DFBA-45FC-B4D1-7A0D240B16D7","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5f70b59279cc975ff13b3fcc96c409898d99acf5","datavalue":{"value":"54B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$4D0B489E-F2CC-4865-8A3B-F5E887328943","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"85e83fec9bd42fbd786cb9ba8553bf89aa982ece","datavalue":{"value":"57N20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$23AE5F33-47E8-4417-B833-6D203E6864D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"60f100a720c87d93f2562b5f13bd44a77afd1cd1","datavalue":{"value":"46T05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$632E255C-4650-407A-AE84-D466B63CCD70","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"53e38350748e2fbdf1f0291835bc1356402fd754","datavalue":{"value":"54F65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$49C21879-97DA-4585-9497-715BEC6BE81C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48a612eadf52305c7a285a0bf279d7340472d693","datavalue":{"value":"54B35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$15E314AF-96D7-4031-9B12-99B477DB6F87","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c7ccae626fc2a91b10e4922bf46eaa49659bfd20","datavalue":{"value":"5706261","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$EF73BDE7-D9E8-4C30-98D7-05C741FC75E2","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d862dc5a8ed5ffc6049d95cf4479ae3f38d4f002","datavalue":{"value":"pointed topological space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$4156A497-1C74-420A-A39A-65B136BFF1AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"92f800668ccb9b98a3795397bfea2e134cbd8926","datavalue":{"value":"\\(k\\)-space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$436B61C3-49DE-4B8C-BFA6-840DC9A5E0BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0482bcc7beaa9a0c1e4fef1bc2f2b12f58a2dcb1","datavalue":{"value":"Hilbert cube","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$24CB48A0-0A4F-4740-ADF9-037ED018530C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"14349ab5f3d5455f14feff87134c1d2f2597f526","datavalue":{"value":"Tychonov cube","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$6F892F84-1437-44BE-BBD8-BC7003B0535C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6aa818851728fbffb697184d76b9ce5e8250a08c","datavalue":{"value":"absolute extensor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$BE321EE4-1FED-45D5-8274-3D53BABC7232","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"371a3a58886d5fcc1429b049834e137c679b6b60","datavalue":{"value":"absolute retract","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$2DAC1B1D-7722-4FE7-95F3-6CEDF6FB1E55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ceb21f8a5eecc5cda87515d58e101620e3a8f33d","datavalue":{"value":"product topology","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$767AA082-9986-4394-A6F7-C84375842D89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e07e3a0ddd24c60bff1fadbba472fb5df1094e63","datavalue":{"value":"dyadic compact set","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$03026658-E9C2-44FC-B425-55B87490BE97","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06a7e73aeb227464c58d02af1c1dabd7b38592ed","datavalue":{"value":"topological group.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$14BEC578-48F1-4381-8057-BFFD47042ADC","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$B8551FCE-D4F1-4160-9785-ACBE502C3847","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"3e344ec49c4fdbc25b99314cab9aecb7d69e44e9","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.top.2009.11.018","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$048BDF01-9016-47B5-9AC3-54AAE98A5229","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"59be5cd55e1eeb176e4ea00656edbf82e9eadcf3","datavalue":{"value":"W1974618112","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$51449DC9-A762-4A15-81E4-EAAE64A98895","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"50b0e90a72f4d296ab275cf7f1f59b59163abc8c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.TOP.2009.11.018","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q968897$4CF452C2-9222-45EE-8993-E2CA34CF391C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9deae172450e69668fad576cc080bf75f146aa29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3687332,"id":"Q3687332"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b886631f66cb3fc8e99e0d628319608d40bac059","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8894358","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$1351CB10-ADEB-4A6D-9B68-896299E8AA4F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6853f2f92f855834f31ebc0d1921d984a16e9994","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4269193,"id":"Q4269193"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5d2fa28014145a5ce17f5007b5b2144d519e3ea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87165695","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$98659F69-704C-4ACF-A229-440957FE9D58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6b2a191c35c63b142250f3c0893a3ddd49d8926","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4019771,"id":"Q4019771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c49591cd5f9384315189bc551449ef83fa42ff7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85148144","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$909143FD-2163-47EA-9006-DE0AC73D97EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e6f8c9b672858f7699135498f5d24fc1deed70bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3736558,"id":"Q3736558"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6f01fc32840c3c25bbd06877e7afd3e33587dab3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8486311","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$EB7D3492-4146-4545-B3F8-58A9B3983A25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e0e5e66586528b135c82bf72802bf80885219d44","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3798427,"id":"Q3798427"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3b4d4b6a457f8b10f4a0ca52b89339edfcd93ac1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8471696","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$C1146C22-940E-4EDC-8A79-B076CFF8FBB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"108b115d60a11c57fb2e84f1c4f928a5df4e8d5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1855296,"id":"Q1855296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"57fe313f8778742a1f744ee7eaf215581e62ab21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8446689","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$604293CC-D2DC-4A52-9EB3-99813B49A966","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4810d6aa7761c220c4406309c0bcb0bfe693acb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":406112,"id":"Q406112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"910ea4ae919fd3608601f095b5aa0f57ea1c77f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8432083","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$0CF8A586-3851-42F8-9ECE-9391F93EA84A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a1c5bf23a5b933755ee2b4b48106659735c2db6d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2798164,"id":"Q2798164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"caaf3a4f11fd50baff2d3d906a3bc3d91219fcdd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8425316","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$86C271F9-6CB3-4EA0-86F1-BD003407020A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"40bd00f9b9b5c5707c97e273d78ea1b156d3833e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2856503,"id":"Q2856503"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ef7b8e5c524a82a6e7a72eafbb1550d8911b154a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83880186","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q968897$2903F2E9-9880-4D62-939D-F770E0CBDCA1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A universal model infinite-dimensional space","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_universal_model_infinite-dimensional_space"}}}}}