Publication:2348139

DOI10.1007/978-3-319-19333-5zbMATH Open1383.20002arXiv1309.2034OpenAlexW2133888859MaRDI QIDQ2348139FDOQ2348139

Martino Lupini, Valerio Capraro

Publication date: 10 June 2015

Published in: Lecture Notes in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Sofic and hyperlinear groups are the countable discrete groups that can be approximated in a suitable sense by finite symmetric groups and groups of unitary matrices. These notions turned out to be very deep and fruitful, and stimulated in the last 15 years an impressive amount of research touching several seemingly distant areas of mathematics including geometric group theory, operator algebras, dynamical systems, graph theory, and more recently even quantum information theory. Several longstanding conjectures that are still open for arbitrary groups were settled in the case of sofic or hyperlinear groups. These achievements aroused the interest of an increasing number of researchers into some fundamental questions about the nature of these approximation properties. Many of such problems are to this day still open such as, outstandingly: Is there any countable discrete group that is not sofic or hyperlinear? A similar pattern can be found in the study of II_1 factors. In this case the famous conjecture due to Connes (commonly known as the Connes embedding conjecture) that any II_1 factor can be approximated in a suitable sense by matrix algebras inspired several breakthroughs in the understanding of II_1 factors, and stands out today as one of the major open problems in the field. The aim of these notes is to present in a uniform and accessible way some cornerstone results in the study of sofic and hyperlinear groups and the Connes embedding conjecture. The presentation is nonetheless self contained and accessible to any student or researcher with a graduate level mathematical background. An appendix by V. Pestov provides a pedagogically new introduction to the concepts of ultrafilters, ultralimits, and ultraproducts for those mathematicians who are not familiar with them, and aiming to make these concepts appear very natural.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.2034

zbMATH Keywords

sofic groupsKervaire-Laudenbach conjectureKaplansky's direct finiteness conjecturealgebraic eingenvalues conjectureConnes' embedding conjecturehypelinear groupsvon Neumann algebras and II\(_{1}\) factors

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric group theory (20F65) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to functional analysis (46-02) General theory of von Neumann algebras (46L10) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to group theory (20-02) Ultraproducts and related constructions (03C20) Applications of model theory (03C98) Ultraproducts in functional analysis (46M07)

Cited In (39)

• Characters, \(L^2\)-Betti numbers and an equivariant approximation theorem
• Dilations of semigroups on von Neumann algebras and noncommutative \(L^{p}\)-spaces
• Soficity and hyperlinearity for metric groups
• Matrix models for \(\varepsilon\)-free independence
• On approximation properties of semidirect products of groups
• Dynamical correspondences of \(L^2\)-Betti numbers
• Two special subgroups of the universal sofic group
• Soficity and variations on Higman's group
• Flexible Hilbert-Schmidt stability versus hyperlinearity for property (T) groups
• Strongly productive ultrafilters on semigroups
• The Connes embedding property for quantum group von Neumann algebras
• Amenability versus property (𝑇) for non-locally compact topological groups
• THE SET OF QUANTUM CORRELATIONS IS NOT CLOSED
• Entropy on modules over the group ring of a sofic group
• Minimal faces and Schur's Lemma for embeddings into $R^\mathcal{U}$
• Convex sets associated to \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras
• Connes embeddability of graph products
• Metric Approximations of Wreath Products
• Uniformly recurrent subgroups and simple \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras
• A non-LEA sofic group
• Sofic profiles of \(S(\omega)\) and computability
• Infinite dimensional representations of finite dimensional algebras and amenability
• Unrestricted wreath products and sofic groups
• Property of defect diminishing and stability
• Locally compact sofic groups
• Flexible stability and nonsoficity
• MF-property for countable discrete groups
• On sofic groups, Kaplansky's conjectures, and endomorphisms of pro-algebraic groups
• The Connes embedding problem: A guided tour
• Markovian properties of continuous group actions: algebraic actions, entropy and the homoclinic group
• Examples in the entropy theory of countable group actions
• AN INVITATION TO MODEL THEORY AND C*-ALGEBRAS
• Krieger's finite generator theorem for actions of countable groups. II
• Traces on group \(C^\ast\)-algebras, sofic groups and Lück's conjecture
• Approximations of groups, characterizations of sofic groups, and equations over groups
• Some closure results for \(\mathcal{C}\)-approximable groups
• Expansive actions with specification of sofic groups, strong topological Markov property, and surjunctivity
• On the Toeplitz-Jacobson algebra and direct finiteness
• The mapping class group of a shift of finite type

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