On the Salas theorem and hypercyclicity of \(f(T)\) (Q5962011): Difference between revisions

Let \(B\) be the backward shift operator on \(\ell_p\), \(1\leq p<\infty\). The first example of a hypercyclic operator on these spaces was given by \textit{S. Rolewicz} who showed that \(\lambda B\) is hypercyclic whenever \(|\lambda|>1\) [Stud. Math. 32, 17--22 (1969; Zbl 0174.44203)]. Later, \textit{H. N. Salas} proved that \(I+B\) is hypercyclic [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 347, 993--1004 (1995; Zbl 0822.47030)]. In [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst 21, 1411--1427 (2001; Zbl 0997.47027)], \textit{R. deLaubenfels} and \textit{H. Emamirad} generalized these results for operators of the form \(f(B)\), with \(f\) an holomorphic function. Other operators \(T\) such that \(f(T)\) is also hypercyclic were studied by \textit{G. Herzog} and \textit{C. Schmoeger} [Stud. Math. 108, No.~3, 209--216 (1994; Zbl 0818.47011)] and by \textit{T. Bermúdez} and \textit{I. G. Miller} [Integral Equations Oper. Theory 37, No.~3, 332--340 (2000; Zbl 0983.46003)]. In the present paper, the author studies the hypercyclic and mixing properties of operators of the form \(f(T)\) in the general setting of Banach spaces. As a consequence of the results, it can be proved that every nontrivial operator commuting with a generalized backward shift is supercyclic, solving in the affirmative a question posed by \textit{G. Godefroy} and \textit{J. H. Shapiro}, see Remark 4.10 (c) in [J. Funct. Anal. 98, 229--269 (1991; Zbl 0732.47016)]. The results can be strengthened, obtaining chaos and frequently hypercyclic behaviour, if we consider operators with closed ranges. \textit{D. A. Herrero} characterized the norm closure of the hypercyclic operators on an infinite-dimensional separable complex Hilbert space [J. Funct. Anal. 99, No.~1, 179--190 (1991; Zbl 0758.47016)]. An application of the present results yields that, in this setting, the norm closure of the hypercyclic operators coincides with the norm closure of the set of operators satisfying the hypercyclicity criterion. Furthermore, this closure coincides with the norm closure of all mixing operators, of all chaotic operators, and of all frequently hypercyclic operators. One of the most remarkable results in hypercyclicity is the proof of the existence of hypercyclic operators failing the hypercyclicity criterion. The existence of such operators was one of the main quests of researchers in this area, and it was finally obtained by \textit{M. de la Rosa} and \textit{C. J. Read} [J. Oper. Theory 61, No.~2, 369--380 (2009; Zbl 1193.47014)]. A consequence of the results in the present paper is that the set of operators failing the hypercyclicity criterion is rather small (of first category in the norm closure of hypercyclic operators). This is not surprising, as these operators were not easy to find, although these operators can be found on \(\ell_p\) spaces, \(1\leq p<\infty\), as was observed by \textit{F. Bayart} and \textit{É. Matheron} [J. Funct. Anal. 426, No.~2, 426--441 (2007; Zbl 1131.47006)].