On integrability of Hirota-Kimura type discretizations (Q691176): Difference between revisions

The article presents a very extended overview presented in detail of the integrability of the Hirota-Kimura (H-K) type discretization method subject to algebraically completely intregrable systems with quadratic vector fields. This discretization scheme was first introduced by \textit{W. Kahan} [Unconventional numerical methods for trajectory calculations. Unpublished lecture notes. University of California, Berkeley (1993)] and is applicable for any system of ordinary differential equations for a vector \(x:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}\) of the form: \[ \dot{x}=Q(x)+Bx+c, \tag{1} \] where each component of \(Q:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}\) is a quadratic form, \(B\in \mathrm{End}\)\text{\ }\(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) and \(c\in \mathbb{R}^{n}.\) The Kahan's discretization reads \[ \frac{\tilde{x}-x}{\varepsilon }=Q(x,\tilde{x})+\frac{1}{2}B(x+\tilde{x})+c, \tag{2} \] where \[ Q(x,\tilde{x}):=\frac{1}{2}[Q(x+\tilde{x})-Q(x)-Q(\tilde{x})] \tag{3} \] is the symmetric bilinear form in \(\mathbb{R}^{n},\) corresponding to the quadratic form \(Q:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}.\) The obtained discretization possesses the important reversibility property: \[ \tilde{x}:=f(x,\varepsilon )=f^{-1}(\tilde{x},-\varepsilon ), \tag{4} \] implying, in particular, its birationality. Since the discretization was later applied by Hirota and Kimura to the algebraically integrable Euler and Lagrange tops, this special case was named by the authors as the Hirota-Kiumura discretization. It was before conjectured by the authors that ``algebraically integrable dynamical systems are also H-K discretization integrable too'', but now, the authors claim that there exist examples which overturn this claim. Based on the notion of H-K basis, the authors analyze the related problem of existence of conservation laws for the H-K discretized systems of equations (2) and apply this notion to different dynamical systems as the Wierstrass system, the Euler top, the Zhukovski-Volterra system and Volterra chain, the three wave system, the Lagrange top and some others. The authors elaborate a very large experimental material \ by means of computer calculations and conjecture some interesting statements to be verified. In particular, they pose the problem of finding some additional analytical structures for these H-K discretized systems as Lax representation, bi-Hamiltonian formulation, etc. which are up to now still not obtained for any of the studied system.