On formations of finite groups with the Wielandt property for residuals (Q5949404): Difference between revisions

All groups considered are finite. A formation \(\mathfrak F\) is said to have the Wielandt property (or, shortly, to be a W-formation) if the equality \(\langle U, V\rangle^{\mathfrak F}=\langle U^{\mathfrak F},V^{\mathfrak F}\rangle\) holds for every group \(G\) and all its subnormal subgroups \(U\) and \(V\). Wielandt proved that this equality holds if \(\mathfrak F\) is either the formation of soluble groups or the formation of nilpotent groups. \textit{L. A. Shemetkov} posed the problem on expanding Wielandt's results to arbitrary saturated formations [Formations of finite groups, Moscow, Nauka (1978; Zbl 0496.20014)]. This problem was solved by S. F. Kamornikov in 1989. Later infinite series of new W-formations were found by \textit{S. F. Kamornikov} and \textit{L. A. Shemetkov} in their famous article [Algebra Logika 34, No. 5, 493-513 (1995; Zbl 0901.20008)]. The authors of the present paper continue finding W-formations and prove the following results. Proposition 1. If \({\mathfrak F}_1,{\mathfrak F}_2\) are W-formations then \({\mathfrak F}_1\cap{\mathfrak F}_2\) and \({\mathfrak F}_1{\mathfrak F}_2\) are W-formations. Proposition 2. If \(\mathfrak F\) is a W-formation then \(\mathfrak F\) is a Fitting class. Proposition 3. Let \(\mathfrak F\) be a Fitting formation. Whenever \(U\) and \(V\) are subnormal subgroups of \(\langle U,V\rangle\), then \(\langle U^{\mathfrak F},V^{\mathfrak F}\rangle\leq\langle U,V\rangle^{\mathfrak F}\). Proposition 4. Let \(\mathfrak F\) be a Fitting formation. Whenever \(U\) and \(V\) are subgroups of a group \(G\) such that \(UV=VU\) and \(U\) and \(V\) are subnormal in \(UV\), then \((UV)^{\mathfrak F}=U^{\mathfrak F}V^{\mathfrak F}\). The structure of the minimal counterexample is considered. Let \(\mathfrak F\) be a Fitting formation. Given a finite group \(X\), we denote by \(w(X,{\mathfrak F})\) the set of all pairs \((A,B)\) such that \(A,B\) are subnormal subgroups of \(\langle A,B\rangle\) and \(\langle A^{\mathfrak F},B^{\mathfrak F}\rangle<\langle A,B\rangle^{\mathfrak F}\). Let \(W({\mathfrak F})\) denote the class of all groups such that \(w(X,{\mathfrak F})\neq\emptyset\). If \(\mathfrak F\) does not satisfy the Wielandt property, then \(W({\mathfrak F})\) is nonempty, and we can analyze the structure of a group \(G\) of minimal order in \(W({\mathfrak F})\). Let \((U,V)\) be a pair in \(w(X,{\mathfrak F})\) such that \(|U|+|V|\) is maximal. Denote \(H=\langle U^{\mathfrak F},V^{\mathfrak F}\rangle\) and \(A=U\cap V\). The following properties of the group \(G\) are proved: (1) \(G=\langle U,V\rangle\), \(U^{\mathfrak F}\neq 1\), \(V^{\mathfrak F}\neq 1\), \(UV\neq VU\), \(U^{\mathfrak F}\neq V^{\mathfrak F}\); (2) \(G^{\mathfrak F}=HN\) for every minimal normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\), \(H\) is core-free and normal in \(G^{\mathfrak F}\); (3) If \(\text{Soc}(G)\) is nonabelian, then \(\text{Soc}(G)\) is a minimal normal subgroup of \(G\) and \(G\) is in the boundary of \(\mathfrak F\); in this case \(G^{\mathfrak F}\) is the unique minimal normal subgroup of \(G\); (4) If \(\text{Soc}(G)\) is Abelian, then \(G^{\mathfrak F}\) is an elementary Abelian \(p\)-group for some prime \(p\); (5) \(H=U^{\mathfrak F}V^{\mathfrak F}\), \(U^{\mathfrak F}<U\), \(V^{\mathfrak F}<V\); (6) \(A=G_{\mathfrak F}\) and \(G^{\mathfrak F}\leq A\); moreover, (6i) \(A\) is a maximal normal subgroup of \(U\) and \(V\), and \(G/A\) is a \(q\)-group for some prime \(q\in\text{char }{\mathfrak F}\); (6ii) if \(\text{Soc}(G)\) is a \(p\)-group, then \(p\in\text{char }{\mathfrak F}\); (6iii) \(G^{\mathfrak N}=O^q(G)\leq A\); (6iv) \(A\) is the unique maximal normal subgroup of \(U\) and \(V\); in particular, \(U^{\mathfrak N}=O^q(U)\) and \(V^{\mathfrak N}=O^q(V)\); (7) \(B\) is a completely reducible \(A\)-module over \(\text{GF}(p)\), and if \(p\neq q\) then all composition factors of \(B\) are isomorphic \(G\)-modules; (8) if \(p=q\), then \(B=\text{Soc}(G)\); (9) if \(\mathfrak F\) is either a solubly saturated Fitting formation or a Fitting formation defined by a Fitting family, then \(G\) is in the boundary of \(\mathfrak F\). Propositions 1-4 and the six previous properties of the minimal counterexample were proved by Kamornikov and Shemetkov in the article cited above; the authors notice that they included them with proofs for the sake of completeness. From the properties of the minimal counterexample the authors obtain examples of W-formations including the ones found by Kamornikov and Shemetkov. The rest of the paper is devoted to finding W-formations in the universe of soluble groups. The authors obtain two conditions under which a Fitting formation \({\mathfrak F}={\mathfrak T}(1,{\mathfrak M})\) is a W-formation.