On stability conditions for the quintic threefold (Q2322818): Difference between revisions

\textbf{1. Overview} The notion of stability condition on triangulated category was introduced by Bridgeland in his paper [\textit{T. Bridgeland}, Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)], motivated by Douglas's work on $\Pi$-stability and D-Branes in [\textit{M. R. Douglas}, in: Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians, ICM 2002, Beijing, China, August 20--28, 2002. Vol. III: Invited lectures. Beijing: Higher Education Press; Singapore: World Scientific/distributor. 395--408 (2002; Zbl 1008.81074)]. In general, stability conditions are very difficult to construct, especially in the most interesting cases of Calabi-Yau varieties. Last year, \textit{Ch. Li} published a paper called ``On stability conditions for quintic threefold'' [\url{arXiv:1810.03434}]. This paper gives the construction of stability conditions on smooth quintic threefold, the construction is based on the general framework in [\textit{A. Bayer} et al., J. Algebr. Geom. 23, No. 1, 117--163 (2014; Zbl 1306.14005)] of constructing stability conditions on smooth projective threefolds. This gives the first example of strict Calabi-Yau threefolds with geometric stability conditions. It is of great interests in physics as well, since quintic threefolds are important examples in string theory and mirror symmetry. To construct Bridgeland stability conditions on a smooth projective surface surface $X$, we need to tilt the standard heart $Coh(X)$ with respect to a weak stability condition on it. The we need a quadratic inequality, which is the classical Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality, to ensure the positivity condition of the central charge. In the three dimensional case, the authors of [Zbl 1306.14005] conjectured that we need to tilt the heart $Coh(X)$ twice, and then we need a conjectural generalized Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality to ensure the positivity of the central charge. The authors established the equivalence between the existence of stability conditions of certain type and a conjectural generalized Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequality involving the third Chern character $\mathrm{ch}_3$. Their original conjectural inequality does not hold for all threefolds. However, due to the flexibility of the construction in [Zbl 1306.14005] and [\textit{A. Bayer} et al., Invent. Math. 206, No. 3, 869--933 (2016; Zbl 1360.14057)], modified Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequality still implies the existence of stability conditions. In [arXiv:1810.03434], \textit{Ch. Li} proved the conjectural Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality in [Zbl 1360.14057, Conjecture 4.1] holds for smooth quintic threefolds. The main theorem is the following. {Theorem 1.1.} [arXiv:1810.03434, Theorem 1.2] Conjecture 4.1 in [Zbl 1360.14057] holds for smooth quintic threefolds when the parameters satisfy $\alpha^2+(\beta-\lfloor \beta\rfloor-\frac{1}{2})^2>\frac{1}{4}$. As a corollary, this provides a family of stability conditions. {Theorem 1.2.} [arXiv:1810.03434, Theorem 1.3] There is a continuous family of Bridgeland stability conditions $\sigma^{a,b}_{\alpha,\beta,H}=(Z^{a,b}_{\alpha,\beta,H}(X),\mathcal{A}^{\alpha,\beta,H}(X))$ on each smooth quintic threefold $(X,H)$, parametrized by the set $(\alpha,\beta,a,b)\in\mathbb{R}_{>0}\times\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}_{>0}\times\mathbb{R}$ such that \[ \alpha^2+(\beta-\lfloor \beta\rfloor-\frac{1}{2})^2>\frac{1}{4};\ and\ a>\frac{\alpha^2}{6}+\frac{1}{2}|b|\alpha. \] This family is a slice of the $\widetilde{GL}_2^+(\mathbb{R})$-action on an open subset of the space of stability conditions on $D^b(X)$. In the paper [arXiv:1810.03434], the author can also show this family of stability conditions contains a neighbourhood of the large volume limit and parts of the neighbourhood of conifold gap point. This matches the expectation from mirror symmetry. \textbf{2. The idea of the proof} I have to admit that I have not digested all the details of the proof yet, my apologies in case I have misunderstood some steps in the proof. The author firstly reduced the conjectural Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality to a quadratic inequality for Brill-Noether stable objects. {Proposition 2.1.} [arXiv:1810.03434, Proposition 3.1] Let $X$ be a smooth projective quintic threefold, and $H=[\mathcal{O}_X(1)]$. Assume that $E\in Coh^{0,H}(X)$ is Brill-Noether stable and $v_{BN}(E)\in[-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}]$, then \[ Q_{0,0}(E)\coloneqq 4(H\mathrm{ch}_2(E))^2-6H^2\mathrm{ch}_1(E)\mathrm{ch}_3(E)\geq 0. \] To prove this implies the main theorem, the argument is using deformation of tilt stability conditions and results from [Zbl 1360.14057]. Then by using the techniques developed for Fano threefolds, the estimation of $\Hom(\mathcal{O}_X,E)$ enables the author to further reduce Proposition to the Theorem 5.5 in [arXiv:1810.03434]. In this theorem, the numerical condition has already became quite complicated. Then by the deformation of stability conditions and Feyzbakhsh's restriction lemma, we can reduce to the lower dimensional case; the semistable vector bundles on a smooth curve $C_{2,2,5}$, which is the complete intersection of two quadratics and a quintic hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^4$. The last step is to prove Proposition 4.1, the proof depends on a very detailed analysis of Clifford type bound for the dimension of global sections of stable vector bundles on $C_{2,2,5}$. This is the content of [arXiv:1810.03434, Section 4].