Motives of isogenous \(K3\) surfaces (Q2337228): Difference between revisions

The Šafarevič conjecture is a special case of the Hodge conjecture. It states that, for every rational Hodge isometry \( \varphi\colon H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\xrightarrow\sim H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\) between two complex projective \(K3\) surfaces \(S\) and \(S'\), the corresponding class \([\varphi]\in H^{2,2}(S\times S', \mathbb Q)\) is algebraic, i.e.\ contained in the image of the cycle map from \(\operatorname*{CH}^2(S\times S)_{\mathbb Q}\). This long-standing conjecture was proved quite recently by \textit{N. Buskin} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 755, 127--150 (2019; Zbl 1475.32008)]. The paper under review proves that \([\varphi]\) can even be lifted to an isomorphism \(\mathfrak h(S)\xrightarrow\sim \mathfrak h(S')\) of Chow motives. This also gives a alternative proof of Šafarevič's conjecture which is more algebraic than Buskin's proof. Here is a very coarse outline of the proof. First, using the Cartan-Dieudonné theorem and the surjectivity of the period map, the assertion is reduced to the case that \(\varphi\) is a reflexive Hodge isometry, which means that after an appropriate choice of markings \(H^2(S,\mathbb Z)\simeq \Lambda\simeq H^2(S,\mathbb Z)\) the isometry is given as a reflection at the orthogonal complement of some vector \(b\in \Lambda_{\mathbb Q}\); see Section 1.1. It is then shown, using the main result of \textit{D. Huybrechts} and \textit{P. Stellari} [Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 45, 31--42 (2006, Zbl 1118.14049)], that the reflexive Hodge isometry \(\varphi\colon H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\xrightarrow\sim H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\) lifts to an equivalence of derived categories of twisted coherent sheaves \(\Phi\colon D^b(S,\alpha)\xrightarrow \sim D^b(S',\alpha')\) for appropriate choices of the Brauer classes \(\alpha\) and \(\alpha'\); see Sections 1.2 and 1.3. In [\textit{D. Huybrechts}, Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hamb. 88, No. 1, 201--207 (2018, Zbl 1426.14004)], it was proved that every equivalence of untwisted derived categories of \(K3\) surfaces induces an equivalence of Chow motives. In Section 2, this statement is generalised to equivalences of twisted derived categories, giving the desired isomorphism \(\mathfrak h(S)\xrightarrow\sim \mathfrak h(S')\). The author also makes the conjecture (which he calls Motivic Global Torelli Theorem) that two \(K3\) surfaces \(S\) and \(S'\) have isomorphic Chow motives \(\mathfrak h(S)\simeq \mathfrak h(S')\) already if there is an isomorphism of rational Hodge structures \(H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\simeq H^2(S,\mathbb Q)\) which is not necessarily an isometry. Evidence for this conjecture is discussed in Section 3.