Canonical coordinates and the pseudo orbit tracing property (Q1176496): Difference between revisions

Let \(\varphi\) be a continuous flow on a compact metric space \(X\). Fix \(x\in X\), \(\varepsilon > 0\), and let \(W_ \varepsilon^ s(x)=\{y\in X: d(\varphi_ t x, \varphi_ t y)\leq \varepsilon\hbox{ for }t\geq 0, d(\varphi_ t x,\varphi_ t y)\to 0\hbox{ as }t\to +\infty\}\); let \(W_ \varepsilon^ u(x)=\{y\in X: d(\varphi_ t x,\varphi_ t y)\leq \varepsilon\hbox{ for }t\leq 0, d(\varphi_ t x,\varphi_ t y)\to 0\hbox{ as }t\to -\infty\}\). We say that \(\varphi\) is expansive if for any \(\lambda > 0\) there is \(\varepsilon > 0\) with the property: if \(d(\varphi_ s x,\varphi_{\alpha(s)} y)\leq \varepsilon\) for all \(s\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(\alpha: \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous with \(\alpha(0)=0\) then \(y=\varphi_ s x\), where \(| s| \leq \lambda\). The flow \(\varphi\) is said to have canonical coordinates if given \(\varepsilon >0\) there is \(\delta >0\) such that if \(d(x,y)<\delta\) then there is a unique \(v\), \(| v| \leq \varepsilon\), with \[ W_ \varepsilon^ s (\varphi_ v x)\cap W_ \varepsilon^ u(y)\neq \emptyset. \] Theorem. If \(\varphi\) is epansive and has canonical coordinates then given \(\varepsilon >0\) there is \(\delta >0\) such that every \((\delta,1)\)-pseudo orbit is \(\varepsilon\)-traced by an orbit of \(\varphi\).