Smooth perfectness through decomposition of diffeomorphisms into fiber preserving ones (Q1868403): Difference between revisions

This paper concerns perfectness of diffeomorphisms on closed manifolds in a certain class. It is well known of the identity \((e-)\)component of diffeomorphism groups on compact smooth manifolds are perfect. However, the questions, how many commutators are necessary to represent a given smooth diffeomorphism \(f\) via \[ f=[h_1,g_1] \cdots[h_N,g_N] \] and if these commutators can be chosen smoothly in \(f\), remains open. The authors give concrete, positive answers for these questions by their decomposition theorem and applications of some canonical exponential laws. The basic definition and main results are as follows: Definition. For a Lie group (including infinite dimensional one) with nontrivial \(e\)-component, \(N_g\in\mathbb{N}\) is defined to be the smallest integer such that for every open neighbourhood \(e\in U\subset G\) there exist \(h_i=\exp(Y_i)\in U\), \(i=1,\dots,N\), an open neighbourhood \(e\in V \subseteq G\) and smooth mappings \(S_i:V\to G\) with \(S_i(e)=e\) and \[ \bigl[S_1 (g), h_1\bigr] \cdots\bigl[ S_N(g),h_N\bigr]= g,\quad\text{for all }g\in V. \] If \(N_G< \infty\), then \(G\) is said to be locally smoothly perfect. Theorem. Suppose \(M\) is a closed manifold which admits \(k\) fiber bundles \(S_i \hookrightarrow M{\overset {p_i}\hookrightarrow}B_i\) such that the corresponding vertical distributions span \(TM\). Then \[ N_{\text{Diff}(M)}\leq \sum^k_{i=1} C_{p_i}N_{\text{Diff} (S_i)}, \] where \(C_{p_i}\in \mathbb{N}\) is a geometrical number concerning the bundle structure. In particular, \(\text{Diff} (M)\) is locally smoothly perfect, if so are all \(\text{Diff} (S_i)\). Many examples along the above lines are given, in particular the following is one of the main results: Diffeomorphism groups of odd dimensional spheres are locally smoothly perfect.