Extremal metrics on blowups (Q533393): Difference between revisions

Let \((M,J)\) be a compact \(m\)-dimensional complex manifold which admits Kähler metrics and let C\(^+\) the set of positive Kähler forms in a given Kähler class C on \(M\). Let \(s(\omega)\) be the scalar curvature of the metric associated to \(\omega\in\text{C}^+\). When E. Calabi studied the functional \(\text{C}^+\rightarrow\mathbb R\), \(\omega\mapsto \int_M s(\omega)^2\frac{\omega^m}{m!}\), he called the critical points of this functional and their associated Kähler metrics extremal. He proved that \(\omega\) is extremal if and only if \(Y_\omega:=\nabla\)\textbf{s}\((\omega)-iJ\nabla\)\textbf{s}\((\omega)\) is a holomorphic vector field on \(M\) and that the Killing vector fields with respect to an extremal \(\omega\) build the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{k}_\omega\) of a maximal compact subgroup \(K_\omega\) of Aut\(^0M\), the identity component of the complex Lie group \(\text{Aut}\,M\) of all automorphisms of \((M,J)\), and \(Y_\omega\in \mathfrak k_\omega\) [\textit{E. Calabi}, Semin. differential geometry, Ann. Math. Stud. 102, 259--290 (1982; Zbl 0487.53057)]. By a theorem of \textit{Y. Matsushima} [Nagoya Math. J. 11, 145--150 (1957; Zbl 0091.34803)] and \textit{A. Lichnérowicz} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 244, 3011--3013 (1957; Zbl 0080.37501)], \(M\) admits no Kähler metric with constant scalar curvature if Aut\(^0M\) is not reductive. Hence, there is no extremal Kähler metric on \(M\) if Aut\(^0M\) is a nilpotent linear algebraic group. The problem of the existence of extremal metrics is the main topic in the paper under review and investigated in the situation where \(M\) admits already an extremal Kähler form \(\omega\) and is blown up in finitely many points \(p_1,\dots,p_n\) contained in the fixed point set of a torus \(T\subset K:= K_\omega\) and with \(Y_\omega\in\mathfrak{t}\). Let \(\tilde{M}\) be the resulting manifold and \(\pi:\tilde{M}\rightarrow M\) the canonical morphism. The article provides sufficient conditions to ensure that \(\tilde M\) admits a continuous family of extremal Kähler forms \(\omega_\varepsilon\), \(0<\varepsilon<\varepsilon_0\), with the property that \(\omega_\varepsilon\in\pi^*[\omega]-\varepsilon^2\sum_{j=1}^n \tilde{a}_j(\varepsilon)\)PD\([E_j]\), where PD\([E_j]\) is the Poincaré dual of the \((2m-2)\)-homology class of the exceptional divisor \(\pi^{-1}(p_j)\). The authors consider a relative version \(\xi''\) of the momentum map \(\xi:M\rightarrow\mathfrak{k}\), where \(\mathfrak{k}\) is identified with \(\mathfrak{k}^*\) via a natural \(K\)-invariant inner product on \(\mathfrak{k}\). Let \(H\) be the centralizer of \(T\) in \(K\), \(H''=H/T\) with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{h}''=\mathfrak{h}/\mathfrak{t}\) and natural surjection \(\mathfrak{h}\rightarrow\mathfrak{h}'', X\mapsto X''\). The assumptions imply that \(\xi(p_j)\in\mathfrak{h}\), hence \(\xi''(p_j)\in\mathfrak{h}''\) is well defined. The sufficient conditions are the following: (i) There exist \(a_j>0\) such that \(\sum_{j=1}^n a_j^{m-1}\xi''(p_j)=0\); (ii) \(\sum_{j=1}^n\mathbb R\xi''(p_j)=\mathfrak{h}''\). Under these assumptions there exist \(c>0\), \(d>0\) such that \(|\tilde{a}_j-a_j|<c\varepsilon^d\) as \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0\). Moreover, one can assume that \(\tilde{a}_j=a_j\) if no element of \(\mathfrak{h}\setminus \mathfrak{t}\) vanishes at all \(p_j\). It should be mentioned that the two first named authors proved in a former paper an analogous theorem (replace \(\xi''\) by \(\xi\)) for the existence of Kähler metrics with constant scalar curvature (instead of extremal metrics) [Ann. Math. (2) 170, No.~2, 685--738 (2009; Zbl 1202.53069)]. Note that the conditions (i) and (ii) are empty if \(T\) is a maximal torus in \(K\), since \(H=T\) in this case. Hence, the above existence result is valid for \(M=\mathbb P^m\), \(n\leq m+1\), and \(p_1,\dots,p_n\) in general position. An essential part of the extensive and thorough proof of the above theorem is based on the perturbation theory of extremal Kähler metrics and follows a method applied by \textit{C. LeBrun} and \textit{S. R. Simanca} [in: T. Kotake (ed.) et al., Geometry and global analysis. Report of the 1st MSJ. Mathematical Society of Japan. International Research Institute, Sendai: Tôhoku Univ., Mathematical Institute, 255--271 (1993; Zbl 0921.53032); Geom. Funct. Anal. 4, No.~3, 298--336 (1994; Zbl 0801.53050)]; the assumption on the \(p_j\) provides the (lifted) \(T\)-action on \(\tilde{M}\). Beside the main theorem, the authors discuss and construct extremal Kähler metrics on blow-ups of \(\mathbb P^2\) and present several interesting results about extremal Kähler metrics on toric manifolds. For extremal Kähler metrics on toric surfaces, see also [\textit{S. K. Donaldson}, J. Differ. Geom. 79, No.~3, 389--432 (2008; Zbl 1151.53030)].