Generalized hyperbolicity and shadowing in \(L^p\) spaces (Q2048580): Difference between revisions

A linear operator \(T:X\to X\) on a Banach space \(X\) is called hyperbolic if its spectrum does not intersect the unit circle in the complex plane. For invertible \(T\) it is known that this implies the shadowing property, i.e., for all \(\epsilon>0\) there exists a \(\delta>0\) such that every \(\delta\)-pseudo orbit \((x_n)_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}\) (that is, \(\|x_{n+1}-Tx_n\|<\delta\) for all \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\)) of \(T\) is \(\epsilon\)-shadowed by an actual orbit (that is, \(\|x_{n+1}-Tx\|<\epsilon\) for all \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\) with some \(x\in X\)). On finite-dimensional Banach spaces, having the shadowing property is even equivalent to hyperbolicity. However, \textit{N. C. Bernardes jun.} et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 461, No. 1, 796--816 (2018; Zbl 1385.37041)] constructed an operator with the shadowing property which is not hyperbolic, settling an open question, and introduced the class of generalized hyperbolic operators. The present authors establish that for a large class of operators on \(L^p(X)\) the notion of generalized hyperbolicity and the shadowing property indeed coincide. This is done by giving sufficient and necessary conditions for a class of operators to possess the shadowing property. In addition, some computational tools allowing the construction of operators with and without the shadowing property are developed. On this basis of this, it is proved how certain natural probability distributions (Laplace and Cauchy) lead to operators with and without the shadowing property on \(L^p(X)\). This interesting paper closes with three open questions.