A theorem on non-associative algebras and its application to differential equations (Q1239235): Difference between revisions

For a given field \(F\), the set of \(F\)-algebras (resp. commutative \(F\)-algebras) of arity \(n\geq 2\) and \(F\)-dimension \(m\) can be identified with the \(m^{n+1}\) (resp. \(m \binom {m+n-1}{n}\)) dimensional \(F\)-affine space \(S\) of structure coefficients. We show: If \(F\) is algebraically closed, then there exists an affine subvariety \(A\) of \(S\) with \(A\neq S\), which is defined over the prime field of \(F\), such that all \(F\)-algebras corresponding to the points of \(S\setminus A\) possess precisely \(n^m -1\) idempotent elements \(\neq 0\) and fail to have nilpotent elements \(\neq 0\). This implies for a system of ordinary differential equations \[ \dot X_1 = D_1 (X_1,\ldots , X_m),\quad i = 1,\ldots ,m, \tag{*} \] with \(D_i (X_1, \dots ,X_m) \in \mathbb C [X_1,\dots ,X_m]\) homogeneous polynomials of degree \(n\): If the coefficients of the polynomials \(D_i\), \(i = 1,\ldots ,m\), are algebraically independent over the field of rationals, then (*) possesses precisely \(n^{m}-1\) ray solutions and fails to have a critical point other than the origin.