The Parisi formula has a unique minimizer (Q2339208)

Parisi's variational formula for the thermodynamic limit of the free energy in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model was predicted in the ground-breaking work of \textit{G. Parisi} [``Infinite number of order parameters for spin-glasses'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1754--1756 (1979)]. It was proved and generalized by \textit{M. Talagrand} [Ann. Math. (2) 163, No. 1, 221--263 (2006; Zbl 1137.82010)] to the mixed even \(p\)-spin models after the celebrated discovery of the replica symmetric breaking bound by \textit{F. Guerra} [Commun. Math. Phys. 233, No. 1, 1--12 (2003; Zbl 1013.82023)]. Later, \textit{D. Panchenko} [Ann. Probab. 42, No. 3, 946--958 (2014; Zbl 1292.82020)] verified its validity in the mixed \(p\)-spin models including odd \(p\). In the present paper, the authors show that the minimizer in Parisi's formula is unique at any temperature and external field by establishing the strict convexity of the Parisi functional.