A note on semidihedral 2-class field towers and \(\mathbb {Z}_{2}\)-extensions (Q742920)

Let \(k_\infty\) be the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of a finite extension \(k\) of the rational number field \(\mathbb{Q}\), where \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) denotes (the additive group of) the ring of \(p\)-adic integers. The Galois group \(G(k_\infty)\) can be written as a projective limit of the Galois groups of \(p\)-class field towers and has been studied in Iwasawa theory, see [\textit{M. Ozaki}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 602, 59--94 (2007; Zbl 1123.11034)]. \textit{R. Greenberg}'s conjecture [Am. J. Math. 98, 263-284 (1976; Zbl 0334.12013)] implies that \(G(k_\infty)\) is a FAB pro-\(p\) group if \(k\) is a totally real number field (cf. [\textit{Y. Mizusawa}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 138, No. 9, 3095--3103 (2010; Zbl 1225.11138)]). Assuming this conjecture, it seems that the Galois groups \(G(k_\infty)\) for totally real \(k\) are similar to the Galois groups of \(p\)-class field towers. Hence a question arises: Can any finite \(p\)-group be isomorphic to \(G(k_\infty)\) for some totally real \(k\)? The author proves the following main theorem. Let \(k_\infty\) be the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of a real quadratic field \(k\) (or a totally real finite Galois extension \(k\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\) in which the prime \(2\) splits completely). Then the Galois group \(G(k_\infty)\) of the maximal unramified pro-\(2\)-extension over \(k_\infty\) is not isomorphic to a semidihedral group. This theorem is obtained as an application of Greenberg's theorem in [loc. cit.]. Simultaneously, it gives a negative answer to the author's Question 10 in [Acta Arith. 119, No. 1, 93--107 (2005; Zbl 1151.11055)].