Maurey's factorization theory for operator spaces (Q966441)

An operator space version of Maurey's factorization theorem is proved. Recall that Maurey's factorization theorem says that every \((p,1)\)-summing map \(T : C(K) \to X\) for a compact Hausdorff space \(K\) is automatically \(q\)-summing for \(1\leq p <q<\infty\), equivalently, there is a probability measure \(\mu\) on \(K\) and a bounded map \(w:L_q(K,\mu) \to X\) such that \(T = w\circ j\), where \(j : C(K) \to L_q(K,\mu)\) is the natural inclusion. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the notions of \((p,q)\)-summing maps on Banach spaces and basic operator space terminology (the monographs of Effros/Ruan and Pisier are the usual references), we recall some related notions below. We say that a linear map \(T:X\to Y\) between operator spaces is completely \(p\)-summing (\(1\leq p <\infty\)) if \(\pi^o_p(T) = ||id \otimes T : S_p\otimes_{\min}X \to S_p(Y)||<\infty\) [\textit{G. Pisier}, ``Non-commutative vector valued \(L_p\)-spaces and completely \(p\)-summing maps'' (Astérisque 247; Paris: Société Mathématique de France) (1998; Zbl 0937.46056)]. The authors define \(T\) to be completely \((p,1)\)-summing in a slightly different way, namely, if \(\pi^{cb}_{p,1}(T) = ||id \otimes T : \ell_1 \otimes_{\min}X \to \ell_p(Y)||_{cb}<\infty\). The authors also define the property ``cb-cotype \(q\) (\(2\leq q < \infty\))'' of operator spaces as follows. An operator space \(X\) is called of cb-cotype \(q\) (\(2\leq q < \infty\)) if \(||\iota \otimes id_X : \text{Rad}_q(X) \to \ell_q(X)||_{cb} < \infty\), where \(\text{Rad}_q(X) = \{ \sum_k \varepsilon_k \} \subset L_q(\Sigma, X)\), the \(\varepsilon_k\)'s are independent Bernoulli variables on a probability space \((\Sigma, P)\), and \(\iota : \text{Rad}_q \to \ell_q, \;\; \varepsilon_k \mapsto e_k\). Based on the above notions, the authors prove the following operator space version of Maurey's factoriztion theorem. [Theorem A. (i) and Corollary A2.] Let \(A\) be a \(C^*\)-algebra, \(X\) be an operator space, and \(T : A \to X\) be a completely \((p,1)\)-summing map for \(1\leq p < q <\infty\). Then there exist positive \(\delta_1, \delta_2 \in L_{2q}(A^{**})\) and a cb-map \(w: L_q(A^{**})\to X\) such that \(T(x) = w(\delta_1 x\delta_2)\), \(x\in A\), with \[ ||\delta_1||_{2q}||w||_{cb}||\delta_2||_{2q} \leq c(p,q) \pi^{cb}_{p,1}(T). \] Thus, \(T\) is automatically completely \(q\)-summing. In particular, \(CB(A,OH) \subset \Pi^o_q(A,OH)\) for any \(2<q<\infty\). Note that it is well known that \(CB(B(H),OH)\subsetneq \Pi^o_2(B(H),OH)\); cf. \textit{M. Junge} [Invent. Math. 161, No.~2, 225--286 (2005; Zbl 1092.47060)]. Using an \(L_p\)-version of the above result [Theorem A. (iii)], the authors prove the following operator space version of Rosenthal's theorem. [Corollary A1.] Let \(X \subset L_p(\mathcal{M})\) for any von Neumann algebra \(\mathcal{M}\) and \(1\leq p <2\). Then the following are equivalent. {\parindent5mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(X^*\) is of cb-cotype \(q'\) for some \(p<q<2\). \item[2.] \(id_{X^*}\) is completely \((q',1)\)-summing for some \(p<q<2\). \item[3.] \(X\) embeds into \(L_q(\mathcal{M})\) completely isomorphically for some \(p<q<2\). \end{itemize}} Note that \(q'\) is the conjugate exponent of \(q\). In addition to the above results, the paper ends with several interesting applications to operator spaces, noncommutative \(L_p\) spaces, and Fourier multipliers associated to discrete groups. The proofs of the main results heavily depend on various vector-valued \(L_p\) theories and the associated embedding results developed by \textit{G. Pisier} [loc.\,cit.], \textit{M. Junge} [loc.\,cit.] and the authors themselves [``Mixed-norm inequalities and operator space \(L_p\) embedding theory'' (Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 953) (2010; Zbl 1220.46041)].