Four-dimensional almost Kähler-Einstein and *-Einstein manifolds (Q1380854)

The Goldberg conjecture [\textit{S. I. Goldberg}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 21, 96-100 (1969; Zbl 0174.25002)] states that a compact Einstein almost Kähler manifold is necessarily Kähler. It has been proved that the conjecture holds true if the scalar curvature is nonnegative [\textit{K. Sekigawa}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 39, 677-684 (1987; Zbl 0637.53053)], but the general problem remains still open. In addition to the Ricci tensor, another kind of Ricci curvature is introduced in almost Hermitian manifolds relating the curvature and the almost complex structure, namely the *-Ricci tensor defined by \(\rho^*(x,y)= \frac 12\) trace of \((z\mapsto R(x, Jy)Jz)\). Since the *-Ricci tensor and the Ricci tensor coincide if the manifold is Kähler, it seemed natural to impose some additional condition on the *-Ricci tensor in order to understand the Goldberg conjecture. This is the approach of this paper, where the authors prove the following theorem. Theorem A. Let \(M= (M,g,J)\) be a four-dimensional almost Kähler Einstein and *-Einstein manifold. Then \(M\) is a Kähler manifold. It must be noted that even though the *-Ricci curvature may be a multiple of the metric tensor (weakly *-Einstein), the *-scalar curvature is not necessarily constant. An almost Hermitian manifold is called *-Einstein if it is weakly *-Einstein and the *-scalar curvature is constant. For weakly *-Einstein manifolds, the authors obtain the following theorem. Theorem B. Let \(M= (M,g,J)\) be a four-dimensional compact almost Kähler Einstein and weakly *-Einstein manifold with negative scalar curvature. Then \(\tau\leq \tau^*\leq \tau/3\) on \(M\) and \(\tau= \tau^*\) at some point of \(M\), where \(\tau\) and \(\tau^*\) denote the scalar and the *-scalar curvatures of \(M\), respectively. Some related results, obtained by a different approach, can be found in [\textit{J. Armstrong}, Q. J. Math., Oxf., II. Ser. 48, No. 192, 405-415 (1997; Zbl 0899.53038)].