Global existence of positive periodic solutions of periodic predator-prey systems with infinite delays (Q5952250)

Here, the authors discuss the existence of periodic solutions for predator-prey systems with infinite delays of the form \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1(t)}{dt} &=N_1(t)[b_1(t)-\int^t_{-\infty} D_1(t,u)N_1(u)du -\int^t_{-\infty} \alpha(t,u)N_2(u)du ],\\ \frac{dN_2(t)}{dt} &=N_2(t)[-b_2(t) +\int^t_{-\infty} D_2(t,u)N_1(u)du ], \end{aligned}\tag{*} \] where \(b_i \in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) are \(\omega\)-periodic functions with \(\int^\omega_0 b_i(t)dt >0\), \(D_i, \alpha: \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R} \to (0, +\infty)\) satisfy \(D_i(t+\omega,s+\omega)=D_i(t,s)\), \(\alpha (t+\omega,s+\omega) =\alpha (t,s)\), and \(\int^t_{-\infty} D_i(t,u)du\) and \(\int^t_{-\infty} \alpha (t,u)du\) are continuous in \(t\). Set \(\bar b_i=\frac {1}{\omega} \int^\omega_0 b_i(t)dt\), \(\bar B_i=\frac {1}{\omega} \int^\omega_0 |b_i(t)|dt\), \(\bar \alpha=\frac {1}{\omega}\int^\omega_0\int^t_{-\infty} \alpha(t,u)dudt\), \(\bar D_i=\frac {1}{\omega}\int^\omega_0\int^t_{-\infty} D_i(t,u)dudt\). Under the condition \(\bar b_1/\bar b_2>\bar D_1/\bar D_2\exp\{(\bar B_1+\bar b_1)\omega \}\), the authors show that (*) has at least one \(\omega\)-periodic solution with strictly positive components. The approach is to employ a continuation theorem in the frame of coincidence degree.