Valuation rings are derived splinters (Q2231152)

The main result of this article is the following theorem: Let \(V\) be a valuation ring of arbitrary characteristic. Then for any proper surjective morphism \(f\): \(X\to \mathrm{Spec}(V)\), the induced map \(V\to\mathbf{R}f_*O_X\) splits in the derived category of \(V\)-modules, in other words, \(V\) is a derived splinter in the sense of Bhatt. If \(V\) is a discrete valuation ring, this fact is well-known and thus the authors' main contribution is to generalize this fact to all non-Noetherian valuation rings. The authors provide three proofs of their theorem: two of which are essentially elementary in nature (either using the valuative criterion for properness or using that finitely presented \(V\)-modules have projective dimension at most \(1\)), the third proof depends on the derived direct summand theorem due to Bhatt. This article is very clerely and very nicely written, and it contains results on descdent properties of splinters and derived splinters (beyond the Noetherian set up), universally cohesive rings, ind-regular valuaiton rings, that are of independent interest.