A unified Floquet theory for discrete, continuous, and hybrid periodic linear systems (Q640994)

The authors present a variety of results on periodic linear dynamic equations \[ x^\Delta=A(t)x \tag{\(\ast\)} \] on time scales, where the coefficient mapping \(A(t)\in{\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\) is assumed to be rd-continuous, and more restrictive, also regressive. First, various classical stability notions are characterized and shown to be invariant under Lyapunov transformations. Then, a Floquet theory is developed, where the Floquet matrix is constructed by means of roots to nonsingular matrices. It yields the kinematic (in fact, periodic) similarity of \((\ast)\) to a time-invariant linear dynamic equation. The results are exemplified using ODEs, difference equations and equations in inhomogeneous time scales. Furthermore, the author investigate the monodromy operator, give a spectral mapping theorem, and continue with results on Floquet decompositions. Stability is characterized by means of Floquet exponents, and, finally, the results are illustrated using various examples. An appendix on rational powers of matrices concludes the paper. The reviewer points out that a Floquet theory for not necessarily invertible difference equations was developed in the thesis ``Lineare Systeme periodischer Differenzengleichungen'' [Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (1986)] by S. Hilger. With this it might be possible to get rid of the regressivity assumption made throughout the paper.