An effective criterion for Eulerian multizeta values in positive characteristic (Q1725576)

L. Euler was the first in studying multiple zeta values (MZV's), which are defined by $\zeta(s_1,\dots,s_r)=\sum_{n_1\dotsn_r\geq 1} \frac{1}{n_1^{s_1}\cdots n_r^{s_r}}$ where $s_1,\dots,s_r$ are positive integers with $s_1\geq 2$. Here $r$ is the depth and $w=\sum_{i=1}^r s_i$ is the weight of $\zeta(s_1,\dots,s_r)$. The MZV $\zeta(s_1,\dots,s_r)$ is called \textit{Eulerian} if $\zeta(s_1,\dots,s_r)/(2\pi i)^w$ is rational. A natural question is if there is a criterion for determining which MZV's of depths $\geq 2$ are Eulerian. In the function field case we set $\zeta_A({\mathfrak{s}}) =\sum\frac{1}{a_1^{s_1}\cdots a_r^{s_r}}\in \mathbb{F}_q\big(\big(\frac{1}{\theta} \big)\big)$ where ${\mathfrak{s}}=(s_1,\dots,s_r)$ is an $r$-tuple of positive integers, $a_1,\dots,a_r$ are monic polynomials in the polynomial ring $A=\mathbb{F}_q[\theta]$ with $\deg a_1\dots\deg a_r$ and $ \mathbb{F}_q\big(\big(\frac{1}{\theta}\big)\big)$ is the completion of $k= \mathbb{F}_q(\theta)$ at the infinite prime. The natural number $r$ is called the depth and $w= s_1+\cdots+s_r$ is the weight of $\zeta_A({\mathfrak{s}})$. The characteristic $p$ MVZ $\zeta_A({\mathfrak{s}})$ is called Eulerian if $\zeta_A({\mathfrak{s}})/\tilde{\pi}^w\in k$, where $\tilde{\pi}$ is the fundamental period of the Carlitz module. \par Even in the classical case, there is no conjecture that describes Eulerian MZV's precisely in terms of $s_1,\dots, s_r$. \par In the paper under review the main result, Theorem 6.1.1, gives an effective criterion for Eulerian multizeta values of arbitrary depth. To this end, for any $r$-tuple ${\mathfrak{s}}=(s_1,\dots, s_r)$ the authors construct an abelian $t$-module $E'_{\mathfrak{s}}$ defined over $A$, which is a higher dimensional analogue of a Drinfeld module and an integral point $v_{\mathfrak{s}}\in E'_{\mathfrak{s}}(A)$ such that $\zeta_A({\mathfrak{s}})$ is Eulerian if and only if $v_{\mathfrak{s}}$ is an $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$-torsion point in $E'_{\mathfrak{s}}(A)$. Even with this algorithm it is difficult to decide when the integral point $v_{\mathfrak{s}}$ is an $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$-torsion point in $E'_{\mathfrak{s}}(A)$ directly in terms of $s_1,\dots, s_r$ alone. \par The criterion is stated in Section 2, Theorem 2.5.2, which equates the $\mathbb{F}_q(\theta)$-linear dependence of values of suitable special series at $t=\theta$ to $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$-linear dependence of elements of certain Ext$^1$-modules. The proof of Theorem 2.5.2 is provided in Section 3. Theorem 2.5.2 is applied in Section 4 to establish the criterion for Eulerian MZV's and Eulerian Carlitz multiple polylogarithms at algebraic points to be Eulerian and zeta-like MZV's. The main result is established in Section 6, namely with the implementation of the algorithm, it is given a description of Eulerian MZV's inductively through $(s_1,\dots,s_r)$. A consequence of Theorem 6.1.1 is that if $\zeta_A(s_1,\dots,s_r)$ is Eulerian, then the MZV's, $\zeta_A(s_2,\dots,s_r),\dots, \zeta_A(s_r)$ are Eulerian.